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Department of University Safety and Assurances safety.uwm

Bloodborne Pathogens. Department of University Safety and Assurances www.safety.uwm.edu. Bloodborne Pathogens.

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Department of University Safety and Assurances safety.uwm

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  1. Bloodborne Pathogens Department of University Safety and Assurances www.safety.uwm.edu

  2. Bloodborne Pathogens • Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms(such as viruses)transmitted through blood, or other potentially infectious material such as certain bodily fluids(semen, breast milk, etc.)or tissues. US&A (v. 2/07)

  3. Bloodborne Pathogens • Bodily fluids, especially those visibly contaminated with blood, are capable of causing disease. • Pathogens can enter your body through a cut in the skin, through your eyes or mouth. • Can also be transmitted sexually • Main diseases of concern are Hepatitis B (and C) virus, and HIV (AIDS virus). US&A (v. 2/07)

  4. Human Immunodeficiency Virus US&A (v. 2/07)

  5. HIV • HIV attacks your body’s ability to protect itself against disease • Initially no visible signs of having the virus • Most people with HIV develop AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) • There is no vaccination for HIV US&A (v. 2/07)

  6. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Immature HIV Virus • HIV attacks your body’s ability to protect itself against disease • Initially no visible signs of having the virus • Most people with HIV develop AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) • There is no vaccination for HIV US&A (v. 2/07)

  7. HIV • Virus lives outside the body only a few hours • 4 modes of transfer: • Blood • Semen • Vaginal secretions • Breast milk US&A (v. 2/07)

  8. HIV 10-50 virus particles per ml of blood US&A (v. 2/07)

  9. Aids Statistics from CDC US&A (v. 2/07)

  10. Persons Diagnosed With AIDS US&A (v. 2/07)

  11. Adults & Adolescents Living with AIDS US&A (v. 2/07)

  12. Adults & Adolescents Living with AIDS US&A (v. 2/07)

  13. Proportion of AIDS Cases Among Females US&A (v. 2/07)

  14. CDC HIV Prevention Program • CDC directs largest portion of its HIV prevention effort to the African American communities • AIDS is the leading cause of death among African Americans ages 25-44 US&A (v. 2/07)

  15. HIV Risk Growing Among Women and Teens US&A (v. 2/07)

  16. HIV Newsweek Special Edition Summer, 2005 US&A (v. 2/07)

  17. Hepatitis US&A (v. 2/07)

  18. What is Hepatitis? • Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. Viral hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. • There are five identified types of viral hepatitis and each one is caused by a different virus. • In the United States, HepatitisA, HepatitisBand HepatitisCare the most common types. US&A (v. 2/07)

  19. Types of Hepatitis • Hepatitis A • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Hepatitis D • Hepatitis E • Hepatitis G US&A (v. 2/07)

  20. Hepatitis A • Hepatitis A continues to be one of the most frequently reported vaccine-preventable diseases in the US.  • Although hepatitis A occurs in virtually every area of the United States, certain states and counties have higher rates than others. US&A (v. 2/07)

  21. Hepatitis B • Up to 100 times easier to catch than HIV • Unlike HIV, can live outside of body for several days Schematic of Hepatitis B Virus US&A (v. 2/07)

  22. Is Hepatitis B a Serious Problem? • Yes. Each year thousands of people of all ages get Hepatitis B and about 5,000 dies of chronic liver problems caused by HBV virus infection. • If you have had other types of Hepatitis, such as Hepatitis A or C, you can still get HBV. • HBV is spread by: • Having sex with an infected person • Direct contact with the blood of an infected person. US&A (v. 2/07)

  23. Hepatitis B • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 100 more infectious than HIV • About 5% of Americans have been infected with HBV at some point during their lifetime • People who get infected with HBV can also get infected with Hepatitis D virus (HDV). If this happens, people often become very sick • Source US&A (v. 2/07)

  24. HBV Cannot be Spread by: • Sneezing or coughing • Kissing or hugging • Breast feeding • Food or water • Sharing eating utensils or drinking glasses • Casual contact US&A (v. 2/07)

  25. Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus in Various Body Fluids US&A (v. 2/07)

  26. Average Incubation Period • The average incubation period (The time between an initial exposure to the virus and the development of symptoms) for Hepatitis B is about 16 weeks US&A (v. 2/07)

  27. Hepatitis Acute:6-8 weeks, 90% • 30-40% with acute HBV have no idea how or when they became infected • 5-15% of infected carry virus for longer than 6 months (carriers) Chronic: Life, 10% • Hepatitis B carriers are people infected with HBV and never fully recover. They carry the virus and can infect others for the rest of their lives • Approximately one million people in the US carry HBV US&A (v. 2/07)

  28. Hepatitis B • 1,000,000 - 1,000,000,000 virus particles per ml of blood • Virus can live outside the body for several days US&A (v. 2/07)

  29. Hepatitis B • “The risk of contracting Hepatitis B from a single needlestick contaminated with blood from a person with known Hepatitis B ranges from 6% to 30%.” • “Approximately 10% of those infected become chronic carriers who can infect their families and friends. They have up to 300 times greater than normal risk of developing liver cancer.” • “Every year, approximately 5,000 Americans, die of HBV or its complications. US&A (v. 2/07)

  30. HIV vs. Hepatitis B US&A (v. 2/07)

  31. Hepatitis C • An Estimated 3.9 million Americans have been infected with HBC • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States US&A (v. 2/07)

  32. Hepatitis C • Disease can incubate for decades • By 2010 may affect more Americans each year than AIDS • HCV not related to the viruses that cause HBA and HBV US&A (v. 2/07)

  33. Sources of Infection -- Hepatitis C US&A (v. 2/07)

  34. Hepatitis C • Risk Factors: • Long-term kidney dialysis • Sex with multiple partners • Tattooing or body piercing with shared needles or unsterilized equipment • Intranasal cocaine use with shared straws Pamela Anderson claims her infection came from a tattoo needle US&A (v. 2/07)

  35. Hepatitis C Prevention • If you are thinking about getting a tattoo or body piercing,consider the risks. • You might get infected if tools have someone else’s blood on them or if the artist or piercer does not follow good health practices such as washing hands, using sterile equipment and disposable gloves. US&A (v. 2/07)

  36. Some signs and symptoms of HBV and HBC include: • Flu-like symptoms • fatigue • jaundice • severe pain in joints • lung disease • inflammation of liver • inflammation on and ulcers of the colon • may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated) US&A (v. 2/07)

  37. HBV and HCV • Liver is located behind the lower ribs on the right side of your abdomen • Weighs about 3 pounds and is roughly the size of a football. • If infected with HBV, the liver often becomes tender and enlarged US&A (v. 2/07)

  38. Hepatitis B (and C) • There is no cure for Hepatitis B or C… • but unlike HIV, there is a vaccination for Hepatitis B. (There is no vaccination for Hepatitis C) US&A (v. 2/07)

  39. The ABC’s of Hepatitis US&A (v. 2/07)

  40. How Long Can the Virus Survive Outside the Body? • Hepatitis A is caused by Hepatitis A virus(HAV)HAV can live outside the body for months, depending on the environmental conditions • Hepatitis B is causedby Hepatitis B virus(HBV)HBV can survive outside the body at least 7 days and still be capable of transmitting infection. • Hepatitis C iscaused by Hepatitis C virus(HCV)Recent studies have shown that HCV can survive outside the body and still transmit infection for 16 hours, but not longer than 4 days. US&A (v. 2/07)

  41. How to Reduce Your Risk • Only employees at moderate risk are included in the campus Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan. • Employees in the plan can receive HBV vaccinations at no cost. • There are specific training, engineering, and work practice controls for those potentially at risk of exposure to BBP on the job. US&A (v. 2/07)

  42. How to Reduce Your Risk Universal Precautions/ Standard Precautions: • A system of infection control which assumes that all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious. US&A (v. 2/07)

  43. How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Job • By a sharp object that is contaminated by the virus when it cuts or punctures your skin. US&A (v. 2/07)

  44. How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Job • When a contaminated object touches inflamed skin, acne, skin abrasions • When you touch a contaminated surface and then touch your eyes, nose, mouth, or open wounds or inflamed skin US&A (v. 2/07)

  45. Use Spill Kit for Clean-up Kit Includes: • Face Mask • Gloves • Goggles • Sharps Disposal Container • Voban • Fluid Control Solidifier • Personal Safety Equipment Cleaning Pads US&A (v. 2/07)

  46. How to Reduce Your Risk • Don’t Recap Needles US&A (v. 2/07)

  47. How to Reduce Your Risk • Do not bend, shear, break or recap needles • If you must recap, use one-handed method US&A (v. 2/07)

  48. How to Reduce Your Risk • Needles and other sharps must be discarded in rigid, leak-proof, puncture resistance containers US&A (v. 2/07)

  49. How to Reduce Your Risk • When emptying trash containers, do not use your hands to compress the trash in the bag. US&A (v. 2/07)

  50. How to Reduce Your Risk • Lift and carry the trash bag away from your body US&A (v. 2/07)

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