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Feel of Seeing

Feel of Seeing. Feel of Hearing. What is the quality of sensory experience?. J Kevin O’Regan Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université René Descartes - Paris 5. No Feel. Quality of sensory modalities. Old view:

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Feel of Seeing

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  1. Feel of Seeing

  2. Feel of Hearing

  3. What is the quality of sensory experience? J Kevin O’Regan Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université René Descartes - Paris 5

  4. No Feel

  5. Quality of sensory modalities • Old view: • Müller’s specific nerve energy • New view: • Cortical maps, neural pathways

  6. standardview Brain creates experience Explanatory gap!

  7. Sensorimotor approach to sensory experience(O’Regan & Noë, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2001)

  8. Sensation = exercising a skill No more explanatory gap!

  9. Sensation • Accessing knowledge that you are currently exercising a certain sensorimotor skill. • Quality of sensation: laws of sensorimotor contingency

  10. Sensorimotor Contingencies(D. M. MacKay, 1956) The laws governing how what you do affects sensory input

  11. Seeing

  12. “Red” is the way red things change the light (Broackes, 1992)

  13. Seeing Red knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of red are currently being obeyed.

  14. “Biological” reflection properties • for a biological organism • reflection properties are constraints over sensory inputs • set of reflection properties is finite dimensional finite number of singular reflection properties R LMSr LMSi

  15. Universal color categoriesWorld color survey: Berlin & Kay (1969)

  16. D. Philipona & J K O’Regan, 2006

  17. Unique hues D. Philipona & J K O’Regan, 2006

  18. Hue Cancellation • 3D Wandell D. Philipona & J K O’Regan, 2006

  19. “Red” is the way red things change the light (Broackes, 1992)

  20. Aline Bompas with split-field glasses

  21. Forced choice more yellow-ish more blue-ish Bompas & O’Regan, 2005, 2006

  22. Seeing

  23. standardview new view Seeing is making an internal representation Seeing is visually manipulating

  24. The impression of seeing “everything” richness not in the head have algorithms to access information you see what you visually manipulate world as outside memory (O’Regan, 1992; cf. also Minsky, 1988; R. Brooks, 1991)

  25. Refrigerator light analogy (N. Thomas)

  26. CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)

  27. CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)

  28. CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)

  29. CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)

  30. CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)

  31. CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)

  32. CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)

  33. Reimer & Simons, 2001; Auvray & O’Regan, 2004

  34. Change Blindness • Flicker • Rensink, O’Regan & Clark,1997; 1999 • Eye saccades • Currie, McConkie, Carlson-Radvansky & Irwin, 1995; McConkie & Currie, 1996 • Blinks • O’Regan, Deubel, Clark, Rensink, 1999 • Film cuts, real life • Levin & Simons, 1997 • “Mudsplashes” • O’Regan, Rensink & Clark (Nature, 1999)

  35. Inattentional blindness • Neisser • Mack & Rock • D. Simons

  36. Sensation = exercising a skill

  37. Sensation • Accessing knowledge that you are currently exercising a certain sensorimotor skill. • Quality of sensation: laws of sensorimotor contingency

  38. Examples of sensorimotor contingencies big change expanding flow shifting flow nothing big change no change increasing amplitude asynchrony big change nothing SEEING HEARING blink: move forward: turn sideways: cover ears: cover eyes:

  39. Tactile Visual Sensory Substitution Bach y Rita (1972; 1984)

  40. Tongue Display Unit Sampaio, E., S. Maris., and P. Bach-y-Rita. 2001Brain plasticity: 'Visual' acuity of blind persons via the tongue. Brain Research 908(July 13):204.

  41. Sensory Substitution • “rewired” ferrets (Sharma, Angelucci & Sur, 2000; Melchner, Pallas & Sur, 2000) • Phantom limbs • TVSS (Bach y Rita, 1972, 1984) • substitution of vision through sound • embodiment in virtual reality • Murray & Sixsmith (1999); Heim (1995)

  42. testing P. Meijer’s “The vOICe” Auvray & O’Regan, in press

  43. Sensation = exercising a skill

  44. Rubber arm experiment of Botvinick & Cohen, 1998

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