19th Century Reform Movements: Key Figures and Slogans

1. Reform Review! 3. Place the key reformers underneath their correct movement (some may be in 2) Horace Mann Angelina Grimke Dorothea Dix Sarah Grimke Ralph Waldo Emerson Frederick Douglass Sojourner Truth Susan B. Anthony Margaret Fuller Henry David Thoreau Harriet Tubman Mary Paul David Walker Lucretia Mott Nat Turner Charles Finney Sarah Bagley Denmark Vesey Elizabeth Cady Stanton William Lloyd Garrison 1. At the top of your paper- write and define 19th century reform movements (collectively) 2. Separate the Reform Movements- 1. Second Great Awakening 2. Abolition 3. Temperance 4. Transcendentalism 5. Women’s Rights 6. Prison/Asylum 7. Education 8. Working Conditions 4. Create a 2 sentence SLOGAN for each Reform Movement! Should properly indicate the Goal and Reason WHY NEEDED!

2. What does it mean to industrialize? • How could the Industrial Revolution change society?

3. Industrial Revolution • The first Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century • Shift from hand-made to machine-made

4. Industrial Revolution in America • 1790 Samuel Slater introduced first industrial mill • Increased speed cotton could be spun • Shift from OUTWORK system to FACTORY system • Boston Associates- recruited thousands of NE farm girls to work their factories

6. The Lowell Mills • Francis Cabot Lowell • Massachusetts • The “Lowell girls” lived in company-owned boardinghouses. • Worked over 12 hours a day in deafening noise. • Paid less than men (cheaper labor) • Experienced SOME independence free from farm life In 1836, the girls were paid 40-60 cents a day

7. Strikes • Textile workers who felt they were being exploited What changes do you think the wanted to see? • 1830- Lowell faced large number of strikes

8. Steam Engine (James Watt) PURPOSE! move heavy weights drive wheels and shafts in mills turn propellers in ships and wheels on trains

9. Eli Whitney Interchangeable parts streamlined and improved manufacturing • Cotton Gin automated cotton picking process • EFFECT: GROWTH OF SLAVERY

10. Steamboat Service(Robert Fulton) • Service improved communication • Showed that ships with steam engines were feasible • Paved the way for larger, sea-going ships

11. Steam Locomotive(Robert Stephenson) • Forerunner of modern locomotives • Used steam power • Went about 30 miles per hour, which was groundbreaking for its time (LOL)

12. Telegraph(Samuel F. B. Morse) • Made instantaneous, long range communication possible • System of wires stretched hundreds of miles • “Morse Code” was a special language used

13. Sewing Machine(Elias Howe) • Enabled textiles to be manufactured quickly • Led to a boom in the textile industry • Improved quality and lowered price of clothing

14. Mechanical Reaper(Cyrus McCormick) Used by farmers to harvest crops mechanically Allowed wheat to be harvested quicker and with less labor force

15. Producing goods/food became more efficient… • What else do you think needed to improve to have widespread impact?

16. Market Revolution • Expansion of the marketplace that occurred in early nineteenth-century America, prompted mainly by the construction of new roads and canals to connect distant communities together for the first time • People became LESS self-sufficient • Buy others goods https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNftCCwAol0

17. Effects of Industrial Revolution • Middle class emerges • Urbanization • Immigration

18. Industrial Revolution Menu