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The Future of Fisheries: Sustainable Practices or Endangered Resources?

Over 2.5 billion people rely on fish for over 20% of their dietary protein, yet 97% of fishers are in developing nations. Unsustainable fishing practices, including harmful shrimp farming, bottom trawling, and the effects of pollution, are jeopardizing fish populations. As commercial and recreational fishing lead to declines in high-value species, experts warn that all fisheries could collapse by 2048 without sustainable management. To protect our oceans, we must focus on reliable data, enforcement, and innovative management strategies like Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ).

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The Future of Fisheries: Sustainable Practices or Endangered Resources?

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  1. Biology 1229 Fisheries… or… Should fish be on the menu?

  2. Fish on the menu… • At least 2.5 Billion people depend on fish for more than 20% of the protein in their diet • 97 % of fishers are in developing countries

  3. Why might fish be on the list? • Mercury

  4. Why might fish be on the list? • Farming practices unsustainable • Shrimp farming in Mexico destroys mangrove forests • Salmon farming • Escapes • Parasites • Eutrophication

  5. Why might fish be on the list? • Fishery unsustainable or environmentally damaging Bottom trawling Bycatch from a shrimp net!

  6. Unsustainable fisheries

  7. How does a harvested population work? • Note: “sustainable” is economic, not based on the population!!! • It is possible to derive a MSY from population data using growth rate and harvest rate

  8. Orange RoughyHoplostethus atlanticus • Slow, ugly, demersal fish (“Slimehead”) • Mature at 20-30 • Live up to 156 years (depending on who you listen to…) • Harvested by bottom trawling around sea mounts • Fishing, or mining?

  9. How much of the ocean is harvested?

  10. Fishing down the food web

  11. How many fisheries are sustainable?

  12. What about recreational fishing? Including menhaden and pollock Commercial Fishery Recreational fishery as a %age of commercial But the vast majority of several high-value, threatened species (e.g. Red Snapper) are caught recreationally

  13. We are catching too many fish!!

  14. Not just fish suffer… • Effects on seabirds & other top predators • Effects on erosion and flood control (e.g. New Orleans) • Economic effects of fishery collapse (Newfoundland)

  15. Top 20 countries for unsustainable fishing… • China • Peru • Japan • Chile • USA 18. Canada

  16. What future? • Some authors predict the collapse of ALL fisheries by 2048 • Sustainable management is possible… requires • Reliable data • Reliable fisherman • A pretty decent navy • End of oil may result in reduced fishery pressure

  17. Ownership of fisheries prevents collapse With ITQ Without ITQ Number of Individual transferable quota (ITQ) fisheries

  18. See also http://www.mbayaq.org/cr/seafoodwatch.asp

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