Research and Education

1. Research and Education CANCeR Contact: Peter F. Minke Ph.D. Young Living Essential Oils 3125 West Executive Parkway Lehi, Utah 84043

2. Resources • Young Life Research Clinic: Institute of Natural Medicine • Food and Drug Administration: www.fda.gov (multiple sites) • National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://cis.nci.nih.gov • Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS): http//dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/ • James A. Duke Ph.D database:ars-grin.gov/duke/ • NAPRALERT database: http://stneasy.cas.org

3. Traditional Information • Hartwell, J.L. (1969-1979) Plants Used Against Cancer. A Survey Lloydia 30-34 A classic treatise on the reports of historical use of plants against cancer

4. Cancer Research (Ponce School of Medicine) • Academic collaboration with Young Living Essential Oils • Investigation of the anti-cancer activity of essential oil of frankincense • Investigation of the effects of various essential oils on cellular DNA repair

5. In Vitro Effects of Frankincense on Cancer Cells • In vitro growth inhibition assay: cancer cells (breast cancer cell line MCF-7) growing in culture conditions are introduced to various concentrations of frankincense essential oil for 24 hrs. and growth inhibition is measured by evaluating cell proliferation. • The results (repeatable) are biphasic showing either an inhibition or stimulation of cell proliferation depending on the concentration of frankincense oil in the growth media. • Maximal growth inhibition occurs at 50 mg/ml (~65% average reduction in cell number) and 200 mg/ml (~40% average reduction in cell number) of frankincense oil in culture media. • Growth stimulation (less than 10 % average increase in cell number) occurs at 100 mg/ml. • Flow cytometry studies to evaluate the cause of cell number reduction (by necrosis or by apoptosis) are inconclusive. • Next steps for Young Living Essential Oils: Clinical studies in which frankincense oil is administered in repeated small doses to achieve a low sustained physiological concentration in the target tissue are in the planning stages.

6. Essential Oils and DNA Repair • The ability of cells to repair damage to DNA caused by toxins, radiation, or other stressors is vital to the health of the individual. • DNA repair in cultured lymphocytes has been shown to decrease with the age of the donor and is dramatically reduced in people with cancer. • Efforts have begun to screen essential oils for effects on DNA repair in cultured lymphocytes. This work has the potential to link essential oils with health and longevity at a molecular and cellular level.

7. Current Research • Bioassay Analyses to Determine Anti-Cancer Activity of Essential Oils. Nicole A. Stevens, Master’s Thesis, Brigham Young University. August 2002 • Essential oils and support for research provided by Young Living Essential Oils • Anti-cancer activity (cancer cell toxicity) was evaluated for 74 essential oils using four cancer cell lines (breast, cervical, prostate, skin) and a control cell line

8. Key Findings-N.A.Stevens • 26 of the 44 active oils (59%) are cancer-specific and should be considered for further study • These essential oils that have been used medicinally for centuries may prove to be a very valuable resource in our search for new cancer drugs

9. Current Research (Sabinsa) • Young Living scientists engaged in professional collaborations with Sabinsa Corporation scientists (see Sabinsa poster on Selenium) • FDA recognition of selenium* for prevention and treatment of cancer (limited health claim) *Selenium is an ingredient in ImmuPro

10. Disclaimer • This poster was presented and written for the sole purpose of providing educational and research information on cancer. It is not designed, in whole or in part, as advice for self-diagnosis or self-treatment and should not be construed as such. Young Living does not promote or endorse the treatment of cancer with Young Living products.