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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. Functional Groups. Alcohol- Aldehyde Alkene Alkyne Amide. Functional Groups. Carboxylic acid Ester Haloalkane Ketone Nitrile. Carbons Properties. Carbon forms covalent rather than ionic bonds Carbon has four bonds in all of its organic compounds

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry

  2. Functional Groups • Alcohol- • Aldehyde • Alkene • Alkyne • Amide

  3. Functional Groups • Carboxylic acid • Ester • Haloalkane • Ketone • Nitrile

  4. Carbons Properties • Carbon forms covalent rather than ionic bonds • Carbon has four bonds in all of its organic compounds • Carbon never forms a cation or anion • Carbons more readily to itself than any other element.

  5. Isomers • Constitutional isomer-different arrangement of bonded atoms • Stereoisomer-same arrangement of atoms but different orientation of groups in space

  6. Reaction Types • Addition reaction- two or more molecules react to form one • Elimination reaction-the opposite of addition reactions • Substitution reaction- an atom from an added reagent substitutes for one in the organic reactant (CH3)3C-Br   +   CN(–)   ——>  (CH3)2C=CH2   +   Br(–)   +   HCN C6H6 (large excess)  +  (CH3)3C-Cl  +  AlCl3   ——>   C6H5-C(CH3)3  +  HCl

  7. Polymers • Repeating unit- the free radical that repeats in a polymer

  8. Condensation polymerization • Produces water

  9. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY It’s the bomb

  10. Particles • Alpha ParticlePositively charged particle, identical to helium nucleus. • Beta Particlenegative charged particle identified as fast moving electron • Gamma RayVery high energy photon

  11. Emissions • Alpha decayRadioactive process in which an alpha particle is emitted from a nucleus • Beta decayA radioactive process in which a beta particle is emitted from a nucleus • Gamma emissionThe type of radioactive decay in which gamma rays are emitted from an excited nucleus. PAGE 7 RDC!!

  12. Half Life and Fusion • Half life is the time required for half the initial number of nuclei to decay. • Fusion vs FissionFusion is light nuclei coming together, fission is heavier nuclei splitting into smaller ones.

  13. Radiation Dosage • RAD-Radiation Absorbed Dose. 1 J of energy absorbed per 1 kg of tissue. • Sievert—1 Sv=100 REM • REM-Roentegen equivalent for man. 1 rem=10^-2 Sv • Gray—SI unit of absorbed radiation does. 1 Gy=1 J/kg of tissue • I RAD=.01 J/Kg=.01 Gy

  14. Awesome Problem Write the nuclear reaction for Uranium-239 undergoing beta decay. If U-239 has a half-life of 23 minutes, and after 12 minutes 24 grams remain, how many grams were there originally? If in the decay 6.0E5 beta particles were emmitted with an energy of 8.74E-14 J/particle, and a 105 Kg person absorbed every particle, how many grays did the person receive?

  15. Awesome Answer Half-life=23 min energy=8.74E-14 J/particle time=12 min no. particles=6.0E5 Amt after time t=24 size person=105 kg 239U239 Np +0-1Beta t1/2=ln2/k ln(Ao/At)=kt Gy=J/Kg 23=.693/k ln(Ao/24)=.03(12) Gy=8.74E-14(6.0E5)/105 k=.693/23 lnAo-ln24=.36 Gy=5E-10 .03=k lnAo=3.538 Ao=e^3.538 Ao=34.398 grams

  16. Questions?

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