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Module 3: Exploring the options

Module 3: Exploring the options. SWITCH Training Kit Module 3C: Sustainable wastewater management An overview. The issues facing urban wastewater management. Urbanisation. Population growth. Environmental impacts. Energy costs.

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Module 3: Exploring the options

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  1. Module 3: Exploring the options SWITCH Training Kit Module 3C: Sustainable wastewater management An overview

  2. The issues facing urban wastewater management Urbanisation Population growth Environmental impacts Energy costs

  3. Links between urban wastewater management and other areas of the water sector Water treatment Stormwater management Water supply Water quality

  4. Links between wastewater management and other sectors of urban management Energy Housing Parks, gardens and recreation Farming Local economic development Health

  5. The conventional approach • Wastewater network to collect all wastewater streams from individual buildings • Combined sewers • Centralised treatment • Discharge of treated effluent to receiving water bodies and disposal of sludge by-product

  6. Drawbacks of the conventional approach to urban wastewater management • Pollution risk • Cost • Carbon emissions • Failure to make use of resources • Non-flexible

  7. A more sustainable approach • Separating wastewater flows such as urine, blackwater, greywater, industrial wastewater and stormwater at source • Employing appropriate treatment methods (including natural systems) for different wastewater flows • Reusing wastewater for different purposes

  8. A more sustainable approach • Urine diversion toilets • Greywater reuse systems • Constructed wetlands • Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) • Waste stabilisation ponds • Bio-energy production Non-conventional wastewater treatment and reuse options include:

  9. Urban ecohydrology Source: Zalewski, Wagner, (2008)

  10. Benefits of non-conventional wastewater management solutions • Increased access to sanitation • Water savings • Flexibility to change • Reuse of nutrients for agriculture • Financial savings • Energy recovery • Improved treatment

  11. Why non-conventional wastewater management solutions are more sustainable Improved sanitation coverage Amenity value Creation of renewable resources Low investment and maintenance costs Reduced risk of contaminated effluent being discharged to the environment Reduced carbon emissions

  12. Examples of non-conventional wastewater management options

  13. Acknowledgements This presentation has been produced as part of the SWITCH Training Kit by: Ralph Philip and Barbara Anton ICLEI – Local Government’s for Sustainability based on the joint efforts of the following SWITCH partners: J.M. Cai (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Y, Feng (Hamburg University of Technology), Y. Hu (Hamburg University of Technology), W.H. Ji (Chinese Academy of Sciences), K. Kujawa (Wageningen University), A. Mels (Wageningen University), R. Otterpohl (Hamburg University of Technology), A. Roman (Hamburg University of Technology), M. Sanz (UNESCO-IHE), M. Snel (IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre), N. Stoll (Hamburg University of Technology), F. Tettenborn (Hamburg University of Technology), R. van Veenhuizen (ETC Foundation), E. von Münch (UNESCO-IHE), M. Winker (Hamburg University of Technology), A. Adin (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), A. Aharoni (Mekorot), G. Amy (UNESCO-IHE), H. Cikurel (Mekorot), D.J. Conran (University of Birmingham), A. Drobniewska (University of Lodz), P.A. Ellis (University of Birmingham), W. Fratczak (University of Lodz), R.B. Greswell (University of Birmingham), K. Izydorczyk (University of Lodz), C. Lydon (University of Birmingham), M.O. Rivett (University of Birmingham), D. Rousseau (UNESCO-IHE), S.K. Sharma (UNESCO-IHE), H. van Bruggen (UNESCO-IHE), I. Wagner (University of Lodz), M. Zalewski (University of Lodz) The UNESCO-IHE led SWITCH project runs from Feb. 2006 to Jan. 2011 and is part-financed by Directorate General Research of the European Commission under the Sixth Framework Programme. For more information see www.switchurbanwater.eu

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