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Anatomy Unit 4: Cell Theory & Cellular Structures

Anatomy Unit 4: Cell Theory & Cellular Structures. Cell Theory. Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork. He also observed that: All living things are comprised of cells. Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an organisms.

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Anatomy Unit 4: Cell Theory & Cellular Structures

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  1. Anatomy Unit 4:Cell Theory & Cellular Structures

  2. Cell Theory • Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork. He also observed that: • All living things are comprised of cells. • Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an organisms. • Cells come from previously existing cells.

  3. Cell Diversity • Lots of shapes and sizes

  4. Typical Cell

  5. Cell Organization

  6. Cell Organization • The cell includes two basic parts: • Cell Membrane (outer covering of cell) • Cytoplasm • Cytosol (fluid portion of the cytoplasm) • Organelles (cell “organs” or functional parts)

  7. Cell Membrane • Outer boundary • Physical • Chemical • Comprised of two layers of lipid (fat) • Outer and inner layers • Proteins • Proteins give the cell its unique “personality” or function

  8. Cell Membrane

  9. Function of Membrane Proteins • Transport (in and out of cell) • Receptors • Cell adhesion • Cell recognition

  10. Cell Organization

  11. Cytoplasm • Is comprised of: • Cytosol (fluid portion of the cytoplasm) • Organelles (cell “organs” or functional parts)

  12. Cytosol • Intracellular fluid • Contains dissolved nutrients, ions, proteins and waste products

  13. Organelles • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • A network of membrane-bound tunnels throughout the cytoplasm

  14. ER Rough ER Smooth ER

  15. Ribosomes • Particles attached to ER are ribosomes. • Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis within every cell.

  16. Golgi Apparatus • Flattened membranes • Involved in packaging and secretion of proteins

  17. Golgi Apparatus

  18. Mitochondria • Bean shaped • Outer and inner membranes

  19. Mitochondria • Inner membrane folded into cristae • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced on cristae. • ATP is high energy compound. • ATP only produced in mitochondria.

  20. Nucleus

  21. Nucleus • Control center of cell • Contains DNA/chromosomes • Genetic repository for ~ 35,000 genes • Genes control the synthesis of proteins in each cell. • Red blood cells don’t have a nucleus. • Skeletal muscle cells have multiple nuclei.

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