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FVCC Fire Rescue

FVCC Fire Rescue. PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. 2-5.1 Identify the classification and types of fire by symbols, pictures, and color-coding as they relate to portable extinguishers (3-3.15) 2-5.2 Identify the portable fire extinguisher rating system (3-3.15)

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FVCC Fire Rescue

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  1. FVCC Fire Rescue PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

  2. 2-5.1 Identify the classification and types of fire by symbols, pictures, and color-coding as they relate to portable extinguishers (3-3.15) • 2-5.2 Identify the portable fire extinguisher rating system (3-3.15) • 2-5.3 Identify the appropriate extinguishers and the application procedures for the various classes of fires when given a selection of extinguishers commonly carried on fire apparatus. (3-3.15) OBJECTIVES

  3. 2-5.4 Identify the operations on all commonly available fire extinguishers and agents. (3-3.15) • 2-5.5 Identify common defects found during a visual inspection of fire extinguishers (3-3.15) OBJECTIVES

  4. 2-5.6 Demonstrate extinguishing the following classes of fires using the appropriate portable fire extinguishers: (3-3.15(b)) • 2-5.6.1 Class A • 2-5.6.2 Class B • IFSTA, Essentials, 4th ed, Chapter 5 • Delmar, Firefighter’s Handbook, 2000, Chapter 8 OBJECTIVES

  5. NFPA 10 Standard for Portable FireExtinguishers • Excellent to use on incipient fires. • Can extinguish a small fire in much less than it would take to deploy a hoseline. • Firefighters should not rely on extinguishers found in occupancies. PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Fire Extinguishers may be located at fixed positions in an occupancy or mounted on the apparatus

  6. NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus Requires a pumping apparatus to have 2 approved portable fire extinguishers with mounting brackets. These most be suitable for Class B and C fires. Stated Minimum size requirement: Dry Chemical Extinguishers: 80 B:C CO2: 10 B:C Also requires a 2 ½ gallon or larger water extinguisher with a mounting bracket for use on Class A fires. (Water extinguishers should be protected against freezing which would temperatures lower than 40* F). (Freeze protection maybe be provided adding anti-freeze to the water or storage of extinguisher in warm areas). PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

  7. Class, color, symbol, picture • Class A • Class: Ordinary combustibles • Wood, paper and clothing • Color – Green • Symbol – Triangle • Picture – Trash can and campfire CLASSIFICATIONS & TYPES OF FIRES

  8. Class B • Class: Flammable liquids • Gasoline, kerosene, alcohol • Color – Red • Symbol – Square • Picture – Gasoline can CLASSIFICATIONS & TYPES OF FIRES

  9. Class C • Class: Energized electrical equipment • Any type of electrical equipment that is energized • Color – Blue • Symbol – Circle • Picture – Plug and socket CLASSIFICATIONS & TYPES OF FIRES

  10. Class D • Class: Combustible metals • Magnesium, sodium chloride, lithium • Color – Yellow • Symbol – Star • Picture – none CLASSIFICATIONS & TYPES OF FIRES

  11. Class A • Rated 1-A through 40-A • 1-A requires 1 ¼ gallons of water • Rating based on tests conducted by: • Underwriters Laboratories Inc (UL) • Underwriters Laboratories Inc of Canada (ULC) • Tests determine extinguishing capability PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER RATING SYSTEM

  12. Class B • Rated 1-B through 640-B • Rating based on square foot area that a non-expert operator can extinguish • Non-expert expected to extinguish 1 square foot for each numerical CLASSIFICATIONS & TYPES OF FIRES

  13. Class C • No fire test conducted • Tested only for non-conductivity • Receives only the letter rating CLASSIFICATIONS & TYPES OF FIRES

  14. Class D • No numerical rating given • Considerations for rating: • Reaction between metal and agent • Toxicity of agent • Toxicity of the fumes produced and the products of combustion • Time to allow metal to burn out without fire suppression efforts versus time to extinguish • Cannot be given a multipurpose rating CLASSIFICATIONS & TYPES OF FIRES

  15. Water (pump tank) Class A extinguisher • Sizes from 1 ½ to 5 gallons • Range – 30-40 feet • Discharge time – 45 seconds to 3 minutes • Agent discharged by pumping action of operator • Needs freeze protection EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  16. Intended for use on small Class A fires. • Several kinds, all of which operate in a similar manner. • Equipped with a double-acting pump. Pump Tank Water Extinguishers

  17. Stored pressure water extinguisher (air pressurized water) (APW) Class A extinguisher • Sizes from 1 ¼ to 2 ½ gallons • Range – 30-40 feet • Discharge time – 30 to 60 seconds • Agent discharged by compressed air stored in tank • Needs freeze protection EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  18. Often used for extinguishing hot spots during overall operations, as well as chimney flue fires. EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  19. Aqueous film foaming foam (AFFF) Class A and B extinguisher • Most 2 ½ gallons • Range – 20-25 feet • Discharge time – 50 seconds • Agent discharged by compressed air (or Nitrogen) stored in tank. • Needs freeze protection EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  20. Class A foam concentrate acts as a wetting agent that aids in extinguishing deep seated fires, vehicle fires and wildland fires. • Ineffective on Class B Polar Solvents (water soluble) Ex: Alcohol & Acetone Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Class A and B extinguisher

  21. Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Class A and B extinguisher The film of AFFF floats ahead of the foam blanket. Two ways in which AFFF can be applied.

  22. Dry chemical (hand carried) ratings • Ordinary – Class B/C • Multipurpose – Class A, B and C • Sizes from 2 ½ to 30 pounds • Range – 5 to 20 feet • Discharge time – 10 to 25 seconds • Agent discharged by: • Stored pressure • Cartridge • Does not need freeze protection EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  23. Ordinary agents • Sodium bicarbonate • Potassium bicarbonate • Ammonium phosphate • Potassium chloride • Multi-purpose agents • Mono-ammonium phosphate • Barium sulfate EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  24. Wheeled Units: • Similar to handheld units Class A,B,C rating depending upon dry chemical components. • Extinguishing agent kept in one tank; pressurized gas is stored in a separate cylinder. • Hose should be stretched out completely. • Caution: The top of the extinguishers should be pointed away from the firefighter or other personnel when pressurizing the unit. Because of size of nozzle, the firefighter should be prepared for a significant nozzle reaction when it is opened. EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  25. Carbon dioxide (hand carried) • Class B/C extinguisher Sizes 2 to 20 pounds • Range: 3 to 6 feet • Discharge time: 8 to 30 seconds • Agent discharged by its own stored pressure • Avoid contact with skin • Large horn, no gauge CO2 “snow” formed with moisture in the air. EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  26. Wheeled Units: • Class B & C • Commonly used in airports and industrial facilitates. • Hose (usually less than 15 ft long) must be deployed or unwound from unit before use. EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  27. Halon: Halogenated Hydrocarbons • Montreal Protocol on the Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer: International agreement requires complete phase out of the production of halogens by 2000. • Exception allowed for essential uses where no suitable alternatives are available. • Two most common are Halon 1211 and Halon 1301 • Vapor is nonconductive and is effective in extinguishing surface fires in flammable & combustible liquids and electrical equipment. • Not effective on fires in self-oxidizing fuels. • Primary modern application is for the protection of sensitive electronic equipment like computers. EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  28. Halon 1211: • Research suggests that Halon 1211 interrupts the chain reaction of the combustion process. • Primarily used for Class B:C Fires • Large wheeled units are found up to 150 lb. In size. • Stored in extinguisher as a liquefied compressed gas, but Nitrogen is added to the tank to increase discharge pressure & stream reach. • Stream may be affected by wind when operated outdoors. EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  29. Halon 1301: • Normally not used by itself in portable extinguishers because the agent is discharged as a nearly invisible gas that is highly susceptible to being affected by the wind. • In confined space (Computer Room) Halon 1301’s volatility allows it to disperse faster than Halon 1211. • Reason why Halon 1301 is agent of choice in most total flooding systems using halogenated hydrocarbons. EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  30. Warning: When halon is used to extinguish a fire, it decomposes and liberates toxic components, so these agents should not be used in unventilated, confined spaces. Halon

  31. Dry Powder Agents: • Special Extinguishing Agents and Techniques. • No single agent will control or extinguish metal fires. • Some agents can be applied by portable extinguishers. • Other agents must be applied by either shovel or a scoop. • Agent must be applied in a sufficient depth to completely cover the area that is burning to create a smothering blanket. • Gentle application so as to not break the “crust” that may form over the burning material. If crust is broken may cause fire to flare up again. • Care should be given as to not spread the burning metal. EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  32. Dry Powder Agents: (cont.) • If burning material is on a combustible surface, the fire should be covered with power first. • Then a 1-2” layer of powder should be spread nearby and the burning metal shoveled onto this layer with more powder as needed. • After extinguishing the fire, the material should be left undisturbed. • Disposal should not be attempted until the mass has cooled completely. EXTINGUISHERS AND APPLICATION PROCEDURES

  33. P.A.S.S. • P- Pull • A- Aim OPERATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

  34. P.A.S.S. (cont.) • S- Squeeze • S- Sweep OPERATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

  35. Water (pump tank) • Determine if unit is full • Carry tank to fire • Unfold foot pad • Pump with one hand and direct stream with other hand • Sweep nozzle over entire area • Move in and complete extinguishment OPERATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

  36. Stored pressure extinguishers – water, halon, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO2) • Select appropriate extinguisher • Pull pin, breaking plastic or wire seal OPERATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

  37. Point the nozzle or horn in safe direction and discharge to ensure proper operation • Carry extinguisher to fire OPERATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

  38. Aim nozzle or horn toward fire • Squeeze the carrying handle • Sweep nozzle at base of fire • Check that fire is out • Back away from fire area OPERATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

  39. Cartridge-operated extinguishers – dry chemical, dry powder • Select appropriate extinguisher • Remove hose from stored position • Position to one side and depress activation plunger OPERATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

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