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Sustainable Aquaculture: Solving the Range of Challenges

Sustainable Aquaculture: Solving the Range of Challenges. Prof. Colin Moffat. A Global Industry. 101.1 million tonnes (live weight) of fish, shellfish, aquatic plants and other aquatic animals produced in 2014. Challenges. Worth $166 billion or £ 102 billion in 2014.

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Sustainable Aquaculture: Solving the Range of Challenges

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  1. Sustainable Aquaculture: Solving the Range of Challenges Prof. Colin Moffat

  2. A Global Industry 101.1 million tonnes (live weight) of fish, shellfish, aquatic plants and other aquatic animals produced in 2014 Challenges Worth $166 billion or £102 billion in 2014 • Bacterial and Viral disease • Parasites • Medicines • Pesticide use (inc co-culture) • Space, coastal locations • Biofouling of structures • Escapes • Toxins from algae • Climate change Takes place in fresh water, salt water and brackish water Dates back to 3,500 BC in China Rich source of n-3 fatty acids Required to fill the ‘protein gap’

  3. Relative shares of Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries in Production and Consumption Comparison of 2013 – 2015 (average) with Predictions for 2025 2025: Aquaculture will provide a greater proportion of the global fish production 2025: Aquaculture will provide a greater proportion of the global fish available for human consumption FAO, 2016

  4. 40 Year Production: Examples Moffat (2016)

  5. Aquaculture Production - Turkey rainbow trout (53% of total aquaculture production) seabass(25%), sea- bream (17%), sea trout (4%) and new Mediterranean species (1%). Seabass. A component of Turkish aquaculture TurkStat, Accessed 16 Nov. 2016

  6. Parasites and Disease • Sea lice (Lepeophtheirussalmonis and Caligus spp.) • Existing and emerging viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases (Amoebic gill disease; acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease of shrimp, red egg disease) • Impact of a changing climate?

  7. Common Disease States and Parasites in Selected Fish Atlantic Salmon (Salmosalar) and other salmonids - 161 European seabass (Dicentrachuslabrax) – 142 Gilthead seabream (Sparusaurata) – 92 1Moffat (2016); 2FAO; accessed 16 Nov.2016

  8. Pesticides & Production: Norwegian Atlantic Salmon Pesticide use Salmon production H2O2 H2O2

  9. Potential Solutions • Reduce stress through changes to husbandry (e.g. clear ponds of weeds and predators before stocking) • Improved environmental conditions • Cooperation between farms within a geographically connected area • Marine planning – consider all human uses in an area • Bioremediation • Application of natural compounds (e.g. elatol as an antifoulant) • Novel treatments (e.g. warm water wash) • Improve the host resistance to disease (Vaccines, immunostimulants) • Natural predators (e.g. ballan wrasse, lumpfish, cunner, shrimp (Lysmataamboinensis))

  10. Hit the water running Solving issues in aquaculture require a multidisciplinary, international approach Thank you

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