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Biochemistry Remediation Review

This comprehensive review explores the essential properties of water, including its polar and non-polar interactions, adhesion, cohesion, and capillary action. It delves into the fundamental organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, detailing their structures, functions, and the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Additionally, the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions is highlighted, showcasing how they enhance reaction rates and the factors that influence their activity. Essential for students studying biochemistry and water science.

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Biochemistry Remediation Review

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  1. Biochemistry Remediation Review

  2. Water Science • Properties of Water • Polar: HAS A NORTH AND SOUTH POLE. • Has 2 positive charges (on H) and 1 negative side (on O) • Hydrophobic: water FEARS non-polar molecules. STAYS AWAY. (e.g. oils and fats don’t mix with water) • Hydrophilic: water LOVES other POLAR molecules. • Water exhibits • Adhesion: water sticks to surfaces • Cohesion: water sticks to itself • Capillary Action: water moves against gravity

  3. SOLUTIONS • SOLUTE + SOLVENT= SOLUTION • Solute: what is being dissolved in the solution • Solvent: what is doing the dissolving in the solution • Water is known as the universal solvent.

  4. Organic Molecules • Molecules that MUST contain the element carbon • May also contain H, O, N, P • Are found in the organic macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)

  5. Macromolecules- Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates • Monomer: monosaccharides • Two carbs: disaccharide • Many: Polymer name: Polysaccharides • Function: Used for immediate energy • Ex: Starches, glycogen, fructose, sucrose, maltose

  6. Macromolecules- Lipids • Building blocks: 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol • Polymer: Triglyceride • Function: Energy reserves, insulation, protection

  7. Macromolecules- Proteins • Monomer: amino acid • Carboxyl group • Amino group • R side chain (can change) • Two amino acids: DIpeptide Polymer: Polypeptide (protein) Function: cell repair and growth, growth of hair, skin, nails, makes up enzymes

  8. Macromolecules- Nucleic Acids • Monomer: nucleotide • Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base Polymer: DNA/RNA Holds and transmits genetic (hereditary) information

  9. How do these molecules bond together and break apart? • Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): two monomers (or building blocks) come together with the removal of water= CONDENSE AND BOND forms polymers • Hydrolysis: polymers break with the ADDITION OF WATER to form monomers

  10. Animation Review • http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

  11. Enzymes • Enzymes are protein molecules • Enzymes can be reused again • Enzymes help to speed up biochemical reactions in living things • Enzymes lower the activation energy therefore speeding up the biochemical reaction • Use the lock and key or induced fit model to carry out biochemical reaction • Enzymes are influenced by pH, temperature, amount of substrate and enzyme present. Enzymes can be denatured (damaged)if not placed in the correct environment.

  12. Student Resources • REFER TO SPECIFIC PPT SLIDES PRESENTATIONS ON TEACHER WEBPAGE FOR SPECIFIC COMPREHENSIVE CONTENT INFORMATION TAUGHT DURING THIS UNIT

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