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Fixed and Portable Services in Broadcast Microwave Bands

Fixed and Portable Services in Broadcast Microwave Bands. Presented By… Dan Ryson, Cavell Mertz & Associates, Inc. With Assistance and Photos From… Joe Snelson , Craig Strom, & Ray Benedict SBE National Frequency Coordination Committee Additional Photos Provided By…

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Fixed and Portable Services in Broadcast Microwave Bands

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  1. Fixed and Portable Servicesin Broadcast Microwave Bands

  2. Presented By… Dan Ryson, Cavell Mertz & Associates, Inc. With Assistance and Photos From… Joe Snelson, Craig Strom, & Ray Benedict SBE National Frequency Coordination Committee Additional Photos Provided By… Cindy Cavell, Jeremy Lewis, Gary Nadler, & Mike Rhodes Broadcast Microwave

  3. What is Broadcast Microwave? • How broadcasters use BAS bands • Fixed point-to-point • News coverage • Sports coverage • Trends in equipment used by broadcasters • Considerations in sharing 7 & 13 GHz • SBE Frequency Coordinators Broadcast MicrowaveIntroduction

  4. Broadcast Microwave is: • A bit unusual • Associated with broadcast licenses • Renewed with broadcast license • Expiration concurrent with broadcast license • Originally administered by Media Bureau What is Broadcast Microwave?

  5. Types of Broadcast Microwave Stations What is Broadcast Microwave?

  6. Types of Broadcast Microwave Stations • Aural Broadcast Auxiliary Stations • Issued to AM, FM, LPFM, some FM translator, FM booster, and TV stations. • Aural studio transmitter link stations • Aural broadcast intercity relay stations • Aural broadcast microwave booster stations What is Broadcast Microwave?

  7. Types of Broadcast Microwave Stations • Television Broadcast Auxiliary Stations (§74.601) • Issued to a TV, Class A TV, LPTV, or TV translator stations and TV network entities. • Television pickup stations • TV studio transmitter link stations • TV relay stations • TV microwave booster stations • TV translator relay stations What is Broadcast Microwave?

  8. Aural Broadcast STL Stations • Radio Service code “AS” • Fixed stations for the transmission of aural program material between the studio and the transmitter of a broadcasting station. • ULS universe: 10,800 or 42.9% (as of May 2012) • There are far more Aural STLs than any other BAS Radio Service. What is Broadcast Microwave?

  9. Aural Broadcast STL Stations (cont’d.) • Typically licensed by radio stations • High Reliability Vital • Previously coordinated by local (often SBE) frequency coordination committees. • Now coordinated using Part 101 and PCN procedures What is Broadcast Microwave?

  10. Aural Broadcast Intercity Relay Stations • Radio Service code “AI” • Fixed stations for the transmission of aural program material to other radio stations, FM booster stations and FM translator stations, or other purposes per §74.531. • ULS universe: 6,419 or 25.5% (as of May 2012) What is Broadcast Microwave?

  11. Aural Intercity Relay Stations (cont’d) • Use same frequencies as Aural STLs • Typically licensed by radio stations • High reliability often required What is Broadcast Microwave?

  12. Aural Broadcast Microwave Booster Stations • Radio Service code “AB” • A fixed station in the broadcast auxiliary service that receives and amplifies signals of an aural broadcast STL or intercity relay station and retransmits them on the same frequency. • ULS universe: 7 or 0.03% (as of May 2012) • Same frequencies as Aural STL/ICRs What is Broadcast Microwave?

  13. TV Studio Transmitter Link Stations • Radio Service code “TS” • Fixed station that transmits TV program material and related communications from the studio to the transmitter of a TV, Class A or LPTV station or other purposes per §74.631. • ULS universe: 3,112 or 12.4% (as of May 2012) • There are more TV STLs than other TV services What is Broadcast Microwave?

  14. Television Pickup Stations • Radio Service code “TP” • Land mobile stations for transmission of TV program material and related communications from scenes of events to TV or LPTV stations or other purposes per §74.631. • ULS universe: 2,616 or 10.4% (as of May 2012) • Because they’re unusual, we’ll focus on TV Pickup Stations in today’s presentation. What is Broadcast Microwave?

  15. TV Relay Stations • Radio Service code “TI” • Commonly known as “ICR” (InterCity Relay) • A fixed station for transmission of TV program material and related communications for use by TV, Class A or LPTV stations or other purposes as per §74.631. • ULS universe: 6,419 or 25.5% (as of May 2012) What is Broadcast Microwave?

  16. TV Microwave Booster Stations • Radio Service code “TM” • A fixed station in the TV broadcast auxiliary service that receives and amplifies signals of a TV pickup, TV STL, TV relay, or TV translator relay station and retransmits them on the same frequency. • ULS universe: 9 or 0.04% (as of May 2012) What is Broadcast Microwave?

  17. TV Translator Relay Stations • Radio Service code “TT” • A fixed station used for relaying programs and signals of TV broadcast or Class A TV stations to Class A TV, LPTV, TV translator, and to other communications facilities that the Commission may authorize or for other purposes as permitted by §74.631. • ULS universe: 574 or 2.3% (as of May 2012) What is Broadcast Microwave?

  18. Common Terms • BAS – Broadcast Auxiliary Service • ENG – Electronic News Gathering • ENG Truck – A vehicle (typically a van) equipped with a mast, transmitter & antenna • Portable – Temporary fixed links, sometimes used on building rooftops or mountains and deployed from the trunk of a car. What is Broadcast Microwave?

  19. Common Terms • Mobile – Transmissions from a vehicle in motion or aircraft • Backhaul link – A fixed link used to transmit program material to the studio What is Broadcast Microwave?

  20. Broadcast Auxiliary Microwave Bands • Aural • 944–952 MHz • 18 GHz BAS band – 18.76 to 18.82 GHz and 19.10 to 19.16 (legacy)* • * Shared with other services What is Broadcast Microwave?

  21. Broadcast Auxiliary Microwave Bands • ENG, STL, ICR, Television Translator Relay • 2 GHz BAS band – 2,025 to 2,110 MHz • 2.5 GHz BAS band – 2,450 to 2,483.5 MHz* • 7 GHz BAS band – 6875 to 7125 MHz* • 13 GHz BAS band – 12.70 to 13.25 GHz* • 18 GHz BAS band – 17.70 to 18.58 GHz and 19.26 to 19.70* • * Shared with other services What is Broadcast Microwave?

  22. Broadcast Auxiliary Microwave Bands • Mobile Only • 6.5 GHz BAS band – 6,425 to 6,525 MHz* • * Shared with other services What is Broadcast Microwave?

  23. Studio Transmitter Link (STL) – Transmits program material from the studio to the main transmitter How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  24. Intercity Relay (ICR) – Feed program material back to the studio such as: • TV Network programs from off-site satellite receivers • Remote news bureaus • ENG receive sites • Studio programming to other TV stations How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  25. Television Pick-Up • Sports: • Camera back operation inside a stadium How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  26. Television Pick-Up • Sports (cont’d): • Television remotes such as parades and sporting events How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  27. Television Pick-Up • Sports (cont’d): • Multiple non-directional receive antennas were located throughout the NASCAR track. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  28. Television Pick-Up • Sports (cont’d): • Golf coverage is particularly challenging • This temporary transmitter site is for a multiple golf course event. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  29. Television Pick-Up • Sports (cont’d): • This is the temporary receive site for the same multi-course broadcast. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  30. Television Pick-Up • Sports (cont’d): • Some sports coverage requires Herculean effort. • This is 1 of 6 7GHz microwave relays from Mount Everest to Kathmandu, Nepal. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  31. Television Pick-Up • News: • Temporary, transmit equipment for live news coverage of the 2009 inauguration. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  32. Television Pick-Up • News (cont’d): • Rooftop Receive Equipment for live news coverage of the 2009 inauguration. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  33. Television Pick-Up • News (cont’d): • This is the WLS-TV, Chicago newsroom. • Journalists pick the news stories that deserve coverage. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  34. Television Pick-Up • News (cont’d): • The WLS-TV Assignment Desk monitors and dispatches news crews How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  35. Television Pick-Up • News (cont’d): • Based on the story and the location, the Assignment Desk may deploy an ENG truck. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  36. Television Pick-Up • News (cont’d): • The ENG truck is equipped with AC and generator controls, UHF communications, a digital editor, and ENG/SNG modulators and power amplifiers. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  37. Television Pick-Up • News (cont’d): • They may also deploy the WLS-TV helicopter, known as Chopper 7HD. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  38. Television Pick-Up • News (cont’d): • ENG signals are received by a steerable antenna atop Willis Tower, the tallest building in the USA. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  39. Television Pick-Up • News (cont’d): • From such a tall rooftop, one might think ENG coverage with low antennas wouldn’t be a challenge. Still, “bounce” shots are often necessary. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  40. Television Pick-Up • News (cont’d): • At the studio, Transmission is responsible for remote control of the Central Receive antennas. How Broadcasters Use BAS Bands

  41. Lower Antenna Gain and Height. • Will-Burt “Night Scan” mast doesn’t require any interior vehicle space. Only extends ~15 ft. BAS Microwave Equipment Trends

  42. Combination of ENG and Satellite Technology. • In some cases, ENG is used for “first mile” and satellite is used to backhaul video to a distant city. BAS Microwave Equipment Trends

  43. Wireless Camera-back Transmitter • Often used for short “hop” to the ENG truck or in lieu of long cable runs in buildings. BAS Microwave Equipment Trends

  44. 3G, 4G, WiFi, Microwave Combo • Claimed to go where ENG and satellite signals are impractical. • Shared with public, can be problematic. BAS Microwave Equipment Trends

  45. Fixed and Mobile in the Same Band: • News crews are often in a rush to get to a news event and quickly establish video. • STLs must have high reliability – or broadcast stations go off the air. • Having these diametrically opposed needs within the same band can be problematic, even among fellow broadcasters. • New FCC Rules preclude FS in markets with 7 & 13 GHz ENG. It’s a good move. Sharing 7 & 13 GHz – Possible Issues

  46. Most coordinators are unpaid volunteers • Many are familiar with the nuances of broadcasting and news – in their region. • They typically do not assign frequencies • Primarily a facilitator to provide contact and predominant use information • May not know precise, day-to-day usage by every broadcaster in his region. • There are a few incorporated coordination committees SBE Frequency Coordination

  47. Questions Fixed and Portable Servicesin Broadcast Microwave Bands

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