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Course Content

Explore biomechanical and anatomical concepts related to human movement, focusing on the skeletal and muscular systems, joint classifications, and accessory structures. Learn about diarthrodial joints, tendon structure, ligament function, and more for a comprehensive understanding of human anatomy in motion.

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Course Content

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  1. Course Content • Introduction to the Course • Biomechanical Concepts Related to Human Movement • Anatomical Concepts Related to Human Movement • Applications in Human Movement

  2. Anatomical Concepts Related to Human Movement • The Skeletal System • The Muscular System

  3. The Skeletal System • General Structure & Function • Tissue Level Structure & Function • System Level Structure & Function • Injury to the Skeletal System

  4. System Level Structure & Function • Classification of Joints • Accessory Structures • System Level Function

  5. System Level Structure & Function • Classification of Joints • Accessory Structures • System Level Function

  6. Classification of Joints • Structure vs. Function • Synarthrosis • Amphiarthrosis • Diarthrosis

  7. Classification of Joints • Synarthrosis (immovable) • sutural syndesmosis (fibrous) • synchondrosis (cartilaginous)

  8. 1-a. Sutural syndesmosis

  9. 1-b. Synchondrosis Temporary

  10. 1-b. Synchondrosis Permanent

  11. Classification of Joints • Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable) • membranous syndesmosis (fibrous) • symphysis (cartilaginous)

  12. 2-a. Membranous Syndesmosis

  13. 2-b. Symphysis Joined by a fibrocartilage disc

  14. 2-b. Symphysis

  15. Classification of Joints • Diarthrosis (freely movable, synovial) • nonaxial • uniaxial • biaxial • triaxial

  16. Diarthrodal Joints • 4 common charachteristics: • Enclosed by fibrous joint capsule • Capsule is lined by synovial membrane • Joint cavity is filled with synovial fluid • Ends of bones are lined with hyaline articular cartilage

  17. Characteristics of Diarthrodial Joints

  18. 3-a. Nonaxial – Gliding, Plane IT IC

  19. 3-a. Nonaxial TMT, IM facet CMC, IM

  20. 3-a. Nonaxial AC SC

  21. 3-b. Uniaxial - Hinge humeroulnar talocrural IP

  22. 3-b. Uniaxial - Pivot RU atlantoaxial

  23. 3-c. Biaxial – Condyloid & Ellipsoid condyloid - MP ellipsoid - radiocarpal

  24. 3-c. Biaxial - Saddle SC

  25. 3-c. Biaxial - Saddle calcaneocuboid 1st CMC

  26. 3-c. Biaxial – Bicondyloid??

  27. 3-d. Triaxial glenohumeral coxal

  28. Classification of Joints Accessory Structures System Level Function System Level Structure & Function

  29. Accessory Joint Structures • Tendons • Synovial (Tendon) Sheaths • Ligaments & Joint Capsules • Retinacula • Fasciae • Articular Discs • Bursae • Labrums

  30. Tendons Structure? Function? Active & passive 1st line of defense

  31. Structure? • Function? Synovial Sheaths Biceps Tendon in Bicipital Groove

  32. Synovial Sheaths

  33. Joint Capsules • Regular collagenous tissue • 2 or more layers • Criss-crossed arrangement

  34. Ligaments Structure Function Passive 2nd line of defense Aligned in direction of imposed stress

  35. Capsular vs. Noncapsular Ligaments Capsular

  36. Capsular vs. Noncapsular Ligaments Noncapsular

  37. Noncapsular: Intra vs. Extra Ligaments Extracapsular

  38. Ligaments Intracapsular Capsular

  39. Ligaments Extracapsular

  40. Ligaments – Passive Function Resists Adduction

  41. Retinacula – Guy Rope • Structure? • Function?

  42. Retinacula – Pulley

  43. Fasciae • Fascia – any type of ordinary CT in a sheet • Superficial fascia • Deep fascia

  44. Fibrocartilage • Function? Articular Discs AC jt tibiofemoral SC jt radiocarpal congruence: area over which JRF transmitted

  45. Structure? • Function? Bursae

  46. Bursae

  47. Labrums

  48. System Level Structure & Function • Classification of Joints • Accessory Structures • System Level Function

  49. Terminology • stability - the ability of a joint to resist displacement or dislocation; the strength of the bonds between the bones in a joint • mobility - the degree to which the bones are allowed to move before being restricted by surrounding tissues • flexibility - another term for mobility

  50. Measures of Mobility • DOF - the angular directions of movement considered normal for a joint; general measure of mobility • ROM - the angle through which a bone moves about a joint from anatomical position to the extreme limit of a segment motion in a particular direction; a specific measure of joint mobility • joint, planar, and direction specific

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