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Notes Points

Discover the significance of rocks, understanding their formation, types, and importance in shaping the Earth's history. Learn about the rock cycle, igneous rocks, and their fascinating characteristics.

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Notes Points

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  1. Notes Points Name ______________________________________ Period ________

  2. 3c. Students know how to explain the properties of rocks based on the physical and chemical conditions in which they formed Chapter 6 Standard

  3. Chapter 6 – Rocks

  4. I. 6.1 rocks and the Rock Cycle

  5. Rocks are the materials that make up the solid part of the Earth. Rocks can contain different types of minerals. a. What are rocks?

  6. Rock is an important natural resource. Used by early humans to make tools such as hammers, spears, knives, and scrapers. Used for centuries to make buildings, roads, and monuments. Certain types of rocks have helped build ancient and modern civilizations. Rock study has helped scientists to discover the history of life on Earth. b. Why are rocks important?

  7. Igneous rock – rock formed when magma cools and hardens • Magma is called lava when it is exposed at Earth’s surface. • Example: granite c. There are three major types of rocks.

  8. Sedimentary rock – rock formed from sediment deposits compressed or cemented together • Sediment is rocks, mineral crystals, and organic matter that have been broken into fragments. • When sediments get laid on top each other over and over, they eventually get cemented together and harden and results in sedimentary rock. • Example: sandstone

  9. Metamorphic rock– rock formed from certain forces and processes that can change the form of existing rock • Processes can include tremendous pressure, extreme heat and chemical changes. • Example: gneiss

  10. Any of the three major types of rocks can be changed into another of the three types. The series of changes from one rock type into another rock type is called the rock cycle. Much of the rock in Earth’s continental crust has passed through the rock cycle many times during Earth’s history. D. The rock cycle shows the relationship among the three types of rocks.

  11. The Rock Cycle – color the arrows and fill in the information.

  12. All rocks have physical and chemical properties that are determined by how and where the rock formed. • Bowen’s reaction series is a simplified pattern that explains the order in which minerals form as magma solidifies. • Chemical stability of minerals is the measure of a chemical compound’s ability to maintain its original chemical composition rather than change into something else. • Physical stability of rocks refers to the zones of weakness that are determined by how and where the rocks form. E. Rocks have several properties.

  13. Write 5 questions for this section. • Highlight key words and phrases. • Draw a picture.

  14. Summary (one paragraph) – page 2 Rocks are ______________________________. Rocks are important because (choose any 2 reasons) _____________ _________________________ and ____________________ _____________________. There are three types of rocks: 1. _________ rock which is rock formed _______________ ______________________, 2. __________ rock which is rock formed ______________________________________, and 3. ___________ rock which is rock formed __________ ____________________________________. The rock cycle is _______________________________________________.

  15. II. 6.2 igneous rock

  16. Felsic rock – contains large proportion of silica Mafic rock – lower proportion of silica but large amounts of iron and magnesium Intermediate rock – in-between group; lower silica than felsic but higher than mafic A. Igneous rocks are placed into one of three families based on chemical composition.

  17. Magma is the parent material for all rocks. From the minute it cools and hardens, the resulting igneous rock forms and begins to change. b. Magma and Rocks

  18. There are two main groups of igneous rocks: • Intrusive igneous rocks – rocks formed from magma that has cooled underneath the Earth’s surface • Extrusive igneous rocks – rocks formed from lava cooled at Earth’s surface

  19. c. Intrusions are formed when magma intrudes into other rock masses. There are different intrusion structures.

  20. Batholiths and stocks • Batholiths are the largest group of all intrusions spreading over at least 100km3. • Stocks are smaller in size than batholiths. • Both form the core of many mountain ranges.

  21. Laccoliths • magma flows between rock layers and spreads upward, pushing other rock layers into a dome dome

  22. Sills and Dikes • Sills are formed when magma flows between rocks and hardens. • Dikes are formed when the magma flows up existing vertical fractures.

  23. LABEL AND COLOR EACH PART A DIFFERENT COLOR

  24. d. Extrusions are igneous rock masses that form on the earth’s surface. Devil’s Tower, Wyoming

  25. Write 5 questions for this section. • Highlight key words and phrases. • Draw a picture.

  26. Summary (one paragraph) – page 3 Igneous rocks are placed in three families based on chemical composition: 1. ___________ which are rocks that _________________, 2. __________ which are rocks that __________________ and 3. __________ which are rocks that _____________________. ___________ is the parent material for all rocks. There are two main groups of igneous rocks: 1. ____________ igneous rocks which are __________________________ and 2. ____________ igneous rocks which are __________________________. The three intrusion structures are _________________, _______________ and _________________. Extrusions are _________________________________________

  27. Iii. 6.3 sedimentary rock

  28. A. Sedimentary rocks are classified based on process in which they are formed and the composition of the rocks.

  29. Compaction – process in which sediment is squeezed and in which the size of the pore space between sediment grains is reduced by the weight and pressure of overlying layers Cementation – process in which sediments are glued together by minerals that are deposited by water b. There are Two main processes that form Sedimentary rocks.

  30. c. There are three classes of sedimentary rocks based on their composition. • Chemical sedimentary rock – rock formed from minerals that were once dissolved in water • When enough minerals evaporate, the remaining minerals can come out of the water. • Examples: gypsum & halite

  31. Organic sedimentary rock – rock formed from the remains of living things • Examples: coal & limestone

  32. Clastic sedimentary rock – rock formed from rock fragments carried away from their original source; are classified by one of three sizes:

  33. Conglomerate – made of fragments ranging from fine mud to boulders

  34. Sandstone – made of sand-sized grains

  35. Shale – made of clay-sized particles

  36. Write 5 questions for this section. • Highlight key words and phrases. • Draw a picture.

  37. Summary (one paragraph) – page 4 There are two main processes to form sedimentary rocks: 1. _____________ which is __________________________ and 2. _____________ which is ______________________. There are three classes of sedimentary rocks: 1. ________ which is ______________________, 2. ______________ which is ______________________ and 3. _____________ which is ______________________. The three sizes of clastic sedimentary rocks are ___________, ____________ and _______________.

  38. IV. 6.4 metamorphic rock

  39. Contact metamorphism – type of metamorphism that occurs when small volumes of rock come into contact with magma Regional metamorphism – type of metamorphism that occurs when large areas of Earth’s crust are affected by heat and pressure caused by the movement of the Earth (plates) a. Metamorphic rock has two types of metamorphism (change).

  40. Foliated – texture in which minerals are arranged in planes or bands • Examples: slate & schist b. Metamorphic rocks can be classified by their texture in two ways.

  41. Nonfoliated – texture in which minerals are not arranged in planes or bands • Examples: quartzite & marble

  42. Write 5 questions for this section. • You should have a total of 20 questions. • Highlight key words and phrases. • Draw a picture.

  43. Metamorphic rock has two types of metamorphism (__________): 1. _____________ metamorphism which is ___________________________________ and 2. _____________ metamorphism which is __________________________________________. Metamorphic rocks have two textures: 1.________ which is _______________________________ and an example is ________ and 2. ___________ which is __________________________________ and an example is ____________. Summary (one paragraph) – Page 4

  44. Notes Points Name ______________________________________ Period ________

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