MODULE “PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL” ON-SITE AND OFF SITE RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING

1. MODULE “PROJECT MANAGEMENTAND CONTROL”ON-SITE AND OFF SITE RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING DECOMMISSIONING MANAGEMENT SAFE DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

2. CONTENTS • Types and scope of radiological monitoring • Program for radiological monitoring during decommissioning Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

3. TRAINING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of training trainees should be able to: • Identify the types and describe the scope of radiological monitoring. • Describe the program for radiological monitoring during decommissioning. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

4. ON-SITE MONITORING THE FOLLOWING IS NEEDED: • Appropriate monitoring equipment; • Appropriate documents and equipment for packaging, handling and transportation of RAW; • Appropriate equipment for monitoring of airborn contamination; • Appropriate equipment for monitoring at sorting large volumes of low activity materials for clearance purposes; • Appropriate equipment and documents for monitoring of distribution of radionuclides in the facility. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

5. RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING • Objective: • Limitation of individual exposure; • Optimization of radiation protection; • Fulfillment of requirements for safe operation of facilities with ionizing radiation sources. • Regulation of requirements • Activities: • Equivalent dose rate measurement; • Surface radioactive contamination level measurement; • Gas and aerosols volume activity measurement; • Measurement of activity of gas, aerosols and liquid releases in environment; • Measurement of radioactive contamination of different components of environment; • Measurement of different parameters of RAW. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

6. MONITORING PROGRAM • Components: • Monitoring of working places; • Individual monitoring; • Monitoring of releases; • Environment monitoring. • Compulsory data: • Identification of the parameters subject to monitoring, method, scope and frequency of measurement; • Procedures and manuals for assessment of measurements results; • Control level values and list of appropriate actions when the level is exceeded; • Specification of measurement methods; • Selection of measuring instruments. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

7. TYPES OF MONITORING • According to the way of implementation: • Continuous; • Periodic; • When needed. • According to utilization of results: • Control; • Signalizing. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

8. PROGRAM FOR MONITORING OF WORKING PLACES CHANGE OF WORKING MEDIA CONDITIONS  MONITORING PROGRAM UPDATING • Components: • Control of working media; • Control of radioactive contamination; • Control of solid RAW; • Control of activities in the restricted area. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

9. INDIVIDUAL MONITORING SYSTEM • Activities: • Measurement and/or assessment of individual effective and equivalent doses from external radiation; • Identification of a nature, dynamics and levels of radioactive substances intake in human body to assess individual effective and equivalent doses of internal exposure; • Radiometric control of surface radioactive contamination of the body; • Analyses, evaluation and archiving of registered doses of external and internal exposure; • Monitoring of individuals (individual dosimetry) is directed to define individual external and internal exposure of controlled individuals or group. • Components: • Control of external exposure; • Control of internal exposure. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

10. INDIVIDUAL MONITORING SYSTEM Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

11. DECREASE OF DOSE LOADING (ALARA) • Steps to decrease dose loading: • Prior work - decontamination planning, shielding; • Coordination of different group efforts (operational, designers, maintenance, dosimetric); • Preparations for work to avoid demurrages during implementation; • Preliminary instruction and selection of workers; • Usage of electronic alarm dosimeters; • Analysis of former data for the activity. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

12. PLANT STAFF EXPOSURE FOR PARTICULAR DECOMMISSIONING PHASES • Plant staff exposure during preparations for safe enclosure: • Plant staff collective dose - 2,51 ManSv for Units1 and 2; • Individual doses - ≤ 8 mSv/y; • Maximum individual doses - ≤ 12 mSv/y; • Collective dose related to RAW management – 1,8 ManSv for both units. • Plant staff exposure during the phase of safe enclosure of Units 1 and 2: • Annual individual doses ≤ 2 mSv/y. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

13. INDUSTRIAL SITE MONITORING PROGRAM • Objective – to ensure effective radiological monitoring at industrial site • Scope of radiological monitoring: • All rooms on the territory of the industrial site that are outside the restricted area, their equipment and working places as well; • Outer walls of buildings where ionizing radiation sources are kept; • The territory of the NPP industrial site; • Transportation devices and loads leaving NPP territory; • Radioactive substance transfers; • Sewerage and rain drainage on NPP site; • Turbine hall. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

14. ENVIRONMENT RELEASE MONITORING PROGRAM • Aspects of environment: • Radiation; • Non-radiation. • Monitoring program for releases and environment: • Radiation control of releases through vent tubes; • Radiation control of releases into disbalanced water drain; • Radiation control of certain areas around facility. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

15. ENVIRONMENT RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM DURING OPERATIONS OF KOZLODUY NPP • Areas: • Kozloduy NPP’s industrial site; • Area for preventive protection measures – area with radius of 3 km; • Controlled area - 12 km; • Surveillance area - 100 km. • Objects for monitoring • Radiation parameters: • Dose rate and integral equivalent dose of -radiation; • Radioactivity and radionuclide composition of samples . Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

16. OTHER PROGRAMS FOR RADIATION CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENT • Program for radiation control of environment of the site for temporary storage of containers with solid RAW of Ist category in Kozloduy NPP • Program for radiation control of environment of the building for re-cycling, conditioning and storage of radioactive waste of Kozloduy NPP Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

17. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT DURING THE PRAPARATORY PHASE OF SAFE ENCLOSURE • Thermal impact • Radioactive liquid releases • Radioactive gaseous releases • Solid radioactive waste Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

18. LIQUID, GASEOUS AND SOLID RADIOACTIVE WASTE GENERATED DURING THE PHASE OF SAFE ENCLOSURE • Assessment of liquid RAW released during the phase of safe enclosure • Assessment of radioactive releases into air during the phase of safe enclosure • Generation of solid RAW during the phase of safe enclosure Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

19. FAILURE AND ACCIDENT RELEASES DURING THE PREPARATORY PHASE AND OPERATIONAL PHASE OF SAFE ENCLOSURE • Boundary accidents: • Spent fuel pool cooling loss; • Fuel handling accidents; • Spent decontamination solution leakage; • During the phase of safe enclosure – break down and leak of filter. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

20. CHEMICAL AND TOXIC WASTE GENERATION DURING THE PREPARATORY PHASE AND OPERATIONAL PHASE OF SAFE ENCLOSURE, NOISE • Chemical reagents • Asbestos • Noise Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

21. ACCIDENT MONITORING PROGRAM • Operative monitoring of radiation situation in the controlled area and the surveillance area of the site • Operative monitoring of radiation situation in the radiation protected area and the surveillance area around the site • Laboratory analyses made with stationary measuring means Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

22. CONTROL LEVELS • The following is considered at defining the control levels: • Main and secondary boundaries per current norms for radiation protection; • The principle for decreasing staff and population exposure to reasonably achievable level; • Economic and social factors; • Irregularity of radiation impact in time; • Necessity to keep radiation impact level of site with IRS under the set limits; • Efficiency of measures for radiation protection enhancement. • Control levels: • Level of registration; • Level of investigation; • Level of action. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

23. REFERENCES • Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants and Research Reactors, Safety Guide, SS № WS-G-2.1 (1999) • ISO 14001 Environment Management Systems • Environment Preservation Act, 2002 • Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy, 2002 • Regulation of the Conditions and Procedure for Establishing of Zones with Special Status around Nuclear Facilities and Sites with Sources of Ionizing Radiation, 2004 • Regulation for Emergency Planning and Emergency Preparedness in Case of Nuclear and Radiation Accident, 2004 • Regulation for Radiation Protection during Activities with Sources of Ionizing Radiation, 2004 • Regulation for the Basic Norms for Radiation Protection, 2004 • Report for Kozloduy NPP environment impact assessment • Kozloduy NPP programs for radiation monitoring Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”