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LH e C Status

LH e C Status. John Dainton Cockcroft Institute and Univ Liverpool , Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus, GB. Why? LH e C Physics – some snapshots Machine Experiment When: Towards a CDR. with and for the LH e C steering group. http://www.lhec.org.uk. Why?. Why? The Energy Frontier.

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LH e C Status

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  1. LHeC Status John Dainton Cockcroft Institute and Univ Liverpool, Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus, GB • Why? • LHeC Physics – some snapshots • Machine • Experiment • When: Towards a CDR with and for the LHeC steering group http://www.lhec.org.uk

  2. Why?

  3. Why? The Energy Frontier  1968-1986 pp Drell Yan charm W,Z jets lh e+e- SU(2)L x U(1) QCD quarks neutral currents singlet eR asymptotic freedom charm 3 colours gluon

  4. Why? The Energy Frontier  1986-2010 Fermi scale pp b quark t quark MW (TeVatron) e+e- lh Standard Model spacelike EW strong interaction high density QCD c,b in hadrons (HERA) νmass MZ , sin2θ, 3 ν h.o. EW (t,H ?) (LEP/SLC) CKM (B-factory)

  5.  2008-2033? Terascale Why? The Energy Frontier pp TeV discovery ? Higgs? new particles? new symmetries? (LHC) e+e- - lh tt discovery & precision ? spectroscopy Higgs ? (ILC/CLIC) Beyond Standard Model new physics TeVdiscovery & precision ? particles ? symmetries ? dense QCD (LHeC)

  6.  2008-2033? chromodynamic creation ? Why? The Matter Frontier AA QGP ? QCD phase equilibria? nuclear dynamics? nuclear formation (LHC) leptonA e+e- matter creation new physics QCD dof @ extremes strong QCD  1C (LHeC) pQCD (ILC/CLIC)

  7. Why:Leptons  Quarks ? •how are leptons and quarks related ? ICHEP76 Tblisi •put them together at the highest energy in the finest detail

  8. Lepton+quark @ TeV ●unique chiral probe @ 0.0001 fm ? ●70 e±p7000 GeV cm energy < 1.4 TeV e Manchester ● Cambridge RL Chadwick  SLAC Z W nucleus ? nucleon protons+neutrons Q2 quark e± RL seq am? ● NC+CC+gluon g+EW LHeC SM + new Lq physics @ ~ 0.0001 fm ? ?

  9. Why: Structure @TeV ●unique chiral probe @ 0.0001 fm ? e e Manchester ● Cambridge Chadwick SLAC Q2 y nucleus x nucleon protons+neutrons quark QCD ● NC+CC+gluon g+EW SM + q structure @ ~ 0.0001 fm ? LHeC ?

  10. Why? The Scope discovery + precision @ Terascale precision structure and dynamics @ LHC TeV scale nuclear structure & dynamics @ 100s GeV very dense matter

  11. TeV eq Kinematic Reach Q2 e± RL seq am? space-like >TeV ●2007: HERA -Q2 ≤ 30,000 GeV2 seq>TeV LHeC -seq~ (300 GeV)2 in ~ 0.7 am 3×10-7 ●≥20..?: LHeC -Q2≤ 4×106 GeV2 -seq≤(4000 GeV)2 in ~ 0.1 am !

  12. Most of the mass of ordinary matter is concentrated in protons and neutrons. It arises from …[a]… profound, and beautiful, source. Why: Dense Colour? Numerical simulation of QCD shows that if we built protons and neutrons in an imaginary world with no Higgs mechanism - purely out of quarks and gluons with zero mass - their masses would not be very different fromwhat they actually are. Their mass arises from pure energy, associated with the dynamics of confinement in QCD,according tothe relation m = E/c2. This profound account of the origin of mass is a crown jewel in our Theory of Matter. Frank Wilcek CERN October 11, 2000 •probe hadronic matter at highest parton density

  13. QCD is headline stuff ! ●found on a Guardian newsaper web page ●found on Frank Wilcek’s blackboard

  14. QCD Field Energy Density TeV ep Kinematic Reach ●2007: HERA ●≥2016?: LHeC -Q2 ≥ 1 GeV2 -Q2 ≥ 1GeV2 space-like >TeV -xBj≥ 5×10-5 -xBj≥ 5×10-7 e± e± Q2 y x 3×10-7 seq>TeV LHeC

  15. Gluon recombination •Q2 size of gluons ●≥20..?: LHeC -Q2 ≥ 1 GeV2 •xBj phase space for gluons -xBj≥ 5×10-7 p and A e e Q2 y x low x large nuclei

  16. 2.LHeC physics - some snapshots

  17. Lepton+quark @ TeV ●leptoquark systems – new physics + SM LHC LHeC Re + resonance SM (hadronic) + signal Lq & LqLq production σ~ few × 0.1 fb (Λ=0.1) SM (electroweak) + signal Lq formation σ~ 100 fb (Λ=0.1)

  18. Lepton+quark @ TeV ●leptoquark systems – new physics +SM LHeC 1 TeV LHeC ×10-3 ↓ LHC LHC

  19. e * e q _ q e, _ q or q ? q e+ q or q ? e- Lepton+quark @ TeV LHC Lq pairs+decay LHeC Lq formation+decay e+ F=0 e- F=2 fermion number _ _ defined formation (eLR)  precision BRs (NC CC) inclusive coherence unique PWA SM + signal + interference qqgLq Lq production mechanism ? disentangle mass spectrum ? spin parity and chirality jet+lepton+pT balance jet +pT imbalance experiml signature jets + leptons

  20. e * e q q e, q Lepton+quark @ TeV LHC Lq +decay LHeC Lq formation+decay e+ F=0 e- F=2 fermion number _ defined formation (eLR)  precision BRs (NC CC) inclusive coherence unique PWA SM + signal + interference gqLq l production mechanism ? disentangle mass spectrum ? spin parity and chirality jet+lepton+pT balance jet +pT imbalance experiml signature jet + leptons

  21. Unification ? •precision QCD at highest energy ●short distance structure of SM+ -2007 @ 10-3 ppm -2007 GF@ 10 ppm -2007 G@ 0.1% -2007 αS @ 1-2% -LHeC + detector αS @ few ‰ ● precision  extrapolation  discovery probe new chromodynamic physics – beyond SM ?

  22. Lepton-Parton and Parton-Parton ? •ep eX •pp (jet+jet)X probe-parton jet e ? ? RL g q  Z W ? ? jet •pp energy scale: 70007000 GeV •LHeC energy scale: 707000 GeV probe+p at LHeC scale probe = e xprobe/p = 0.01

  23. LHC probe parton ●probe-parton @ x  0.01 - - -xq = xU +xD +xU +xD g :q ~2:1 mixed ●probe-parton @ x » 0.01 g :q0 all quark “mixed” LHC probe @ LHeC energy q LHC probe @ LHC top energy

  24. Gluon recombination @ HERA ●low-xrise of F2 -HERA: precision @ x > 10-4 @ Q2=10 GeV2 ●relentless rise of quark (F2) and gluon ∂F2/∂lnQ2

  25. Gluon recombination @ LHeC ●low-xrise of F2 -LHeC: precision @ x > 10-4 @ Q2=250 GeV2 stat 0.1% sys 2-3% HERA ●LHeC “nails” saturation (10 fb-1) (Jeff Forshaw)

  26. Gluon recombination @ LHeC ●epsaturation Q2 ≤ 5 GeV2 eAsaturation Q2 ≤ 20 GeV2 ●LHeC “nails” saturation

  27. Partons in Nuclear Matter ●fundamental to origin of mass in Universe (Wilczek) - from nucleon valence to QCD-field dominated (x ) - increasing number of valence partons (A ) ●very limited, but tantalising, old data -Q2 < 1 GeV2x > 0.01

  28. DGLAP 1C dynamics in p and A ●low-xreach at LHeC precision @ x > 10-4 @ Q2=250 GeV2(x =βxI) HERA LHeC? P I P @ low-β ●low x physics of P P in P: triple R QCD  reggeon calculus ? I I I I

  29. 1C dynamics in p and A ●low-xP physics at LHeC I ●LHeC diffraction “nails” saturation

  30. 1C dynamics in p and A ● P physics at LHeC 0+ “vacuum” physics I ILC e+e- 1- “vacuum” physics ●* P physics @ 100 GeV ●e P physics @ > 100 GeV: leptopomerons ? ●rapidity ≤ 5 θ ≤ fewo I I

  31. 3.Machine

  32. Proton beam ●”standard” LHC protons … with electrons? antiprotons protons protons electrons? protons Np εpN

  33. LHC ●e-ring - bypass experiments and RF ?

  34. ep Collisions ●afterB physics @ LHC ? e p civil engineering tunnel >2×250m×2m Ø @IP LHeC ep alongsidepp data-taking @ LHC F Willeke (DESY and BNL)

  35. Luminosity: e-Ring 100 mA ●e-ring - 1033 cm-2s-1 -Ee < 80 GeV - power P < 60 MW - ERL  1034cm-2s-1? (eRHIC) klystron + SR 1033 cf also A.Verdier 1990, E.Keil 1986

  36. e-Ring IR simultaneous pp (AA) and ep (eA)

  37. e-ring Synchrotron radiation fan and HERA type absorber First p beam lens: septum quadrupole. Cross section and Field calculation 100W/mm2 cf also W.Bartel Aachen 1990

  38. power: 25 ns  nx40 MHz RF I < 100 mA 60 klystrons @ 1.3MW, coupler 0.5MW, 66% effy extra RF in bypasses injection: 1.4x1010e in 2800 bunches (LEP2 4x1011in 4) energy < 20 GeV (ELFE, KEK …) SR  LHC magnets: water cooling+Pb bypasses: ATLAS CMS + RF  ~500m from arcs ~ -20cm radius of e-ring space: above LHC e-ring Issues

  39. Equipment above installed LHC beamlines…. Kicker magnet installed on beam dump line above LHC Circulating LHC beams pass in between support feet

  40. e±p Luminosity ●astounding ! ●×102LNMCμp @ 0.01 fm ●LeRHICepolppoleA @ 0.007 fm ●×102LHERA epolp @ 0.001 fm ×10 ●LLHeCe±p eA @ 0.00014 fm indisputably a next step ?

  41. e-linac + LHC 6km alternative sites D Brandt (CERN), F.Zimmermann (CERN), et al. “QCD Explorer” S. Chattopadhyay (Cockcroft), F.Zimmermann (CERN), et al.

  42. Luminosity: Linac-Ring s = (2 TeV)2  Ie = 100 mA ●e-linac - 1032 cm-2s-1 ~HERA -Ee < 140 GeV ($s) - power P < 60 MW - 6 km+gaps @23 MV/m High cryo load to CW cavities lumi + energy horizon

  43. Linac-Ring & Ring-Ring L-R R-R Energy / GeV 40-140 … 40-80 Luminosity / 1032 cm-2 s-1 0.5 10 Mean Luminosity, relative 2 1 [dump at Lpeak /e] Lepton Polarisation 60-80% 30% [?] Tunnel / km 6 2.5=0.5 * 5 bypasses Biggest challenge CW cavities Civil Engineering Ring+Rf installation Biggest limitation luminosity (ERL,CW) maximum energy IR not considered yet allows ep+pp one design? (eRHIC) 2 configurations [lox, hiq]

  44. Machine ●ring-ring - stupendous lumi (~ LHC) - energy horizon ~ 1.2TeV - civil engineering impact on LHC -e-polarisation (Sokolov-Ternov) -ep (eA)with pp (AA) ●linac-ring - moderate (~HERA) lumi (~ LHC) - energy horizon ~ multi-TeV - less civil engineering impact on LHC -e-polarisation (source: e+?) -ep (eA)with pp (AA) ●LHC upgrade: cost ?

  45. eRHIC and ERL Coherent Electron Cooling IP#12 - main • Main beneficiary from the cooling of hadron beams • Reduction of the hadron bunch length shortens vertex • It also reduces e-beam disruption • Emittance reduction provides for proportional reduction of the electron beam current (less X-ray back-ground in the detector, higher energy eRHIC above 20 GeV, ….) • The reduction of emittance and bunch length allow reduction of * to few cm from present 25 cm and corresponding increase would • push e--p luminosity to 1034 cm-2s-1 (* =10 cm) and above Ø1.22 km RHIC Four multiple passes: vertical separation of the arcs EBIS Booster Linac AGS V Litvinenko (BNL)

  46. eRHIC loop magnets 5 mm 5 mm 5 mm 5 mm 5 mm 5 mm • Small gap provides for low current • Very low power consumption magnets 20 GeV e-beam eRHIC 16 GeV e-beam Common vacuum chamber 12 GeV e-beam 8 GeV e-beam C- Dipole C-Quad V Litvinenko (BNL)

  47. ERL spin transparency Bargman, Mitchel,Telegdi equation n passes Total angle Has solution for all energies! n=2 Gun V Litvinenko (BNL)

  48. Ring-Ring LHeC is limited by power of synchrotron radiation from the e-beam! M.Klein, ecfa07 talk

  49. For linac-ring LHeC a pulsed linac with 0.5% duty factor (1 msec, 5 Hz) without energy recovery considered M.Klein, ecfa07 talk

  50. ERL based LHeC Hard radiation may be a problem

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