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Designing and Improving Structures to Meet Human Needs

Designing and Improving Structures to Meet Human Needs. Topic 4 – Pgs. 324-336. No structure can be 100% safe so designers have to work within a margin of safety. A margin of safety are the limits that ensure the safe performance of a structure. Pictures of highway signs.

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Designing and Improving Structures to Meet Human Needs

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  1. Designing and Improving Structures to Meet Human Needs Topic 4 – Pgs. 324-336

  2. No structure can be 100% safe so designers have to work within a margin of safety • A margin of safety are the limits that ensure the safe performance of a structure • Pictures of highway signs

  3. To ensure safe performance, a structure must be tested and monitored • Testing usually pushes a structure to the extreme • Monitoring allows use to keep track of the stronger and weaker parts of a structure

  4. What about Environmental Factors? • Climatic conditions • Think of houses built in areas where hurricanes are common • Terrain conditions • Soft or shifting soil can spell disaster • Earthquake risk • Special designs help stabilize structures affected by earthquakes

  5. Strengthening Materialsto Improve Function & Safety • Corrugation • Using a material that is formed into wave-like ridges or folds • Commonly used in cardboard and metal • Lamination • Gluing layers of material together to create a strong bond • Think of laminated paper

  6. Moving Parts Around can improve strength • Remember what shape is the strongest? • Using trusses or arches can improve strength • See page 330 for examples

  7. New materials lead to better structures

  8. 4 factors that are looked at when designing a structure • 1. Cost • How much are the materials? • How much to build it? • How much to operate it? • 2. Benefits • What are the benefits and who will enjoy the benefits? • 3. Safety • Are there safety risks? • How do we prevent these risks? • 4. Environmental Impact • What steps can be taken to reduce environmental harm? • How will waste materials be disposed of?

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