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Matter, Bonding, and Biomolecules: Exploring the Building Blocks of Life

This unit covers the basics of matter, bonding, and biomolecules. Topics include the properties of matter, types of chemical bonding, the role of carbon in molecule formation, and the four main types of biomolecules.

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Matter, Bonding, and Biomolecules: Exploring the Building Blocks of Life

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  1. Tuesday 2-9-2010 Unit 1: Matter, Bonding, Biomolecules

  2. (1) Matter • Matter = Mass + Volume • Atoms = Matter • You = Matter • Your Desk = Matter • Your Cells = Matter

  3. (2) Bonding • Interaction of Valence Electrons. • 2 or more unstable atoms • Unstable = Wrong # of Valence Electrons • Share Valence Electrons = Covalent • Nonmetal + Nonmetal • Lose / Steal Valence Electrons = Ionic • Metal + Nonmetal

  4. (3) Carbon • Valence Electrons = 4 • Unstable  Gain 4, or, Lose 4 • 4 possible bonds  molecule formation

  5. (4) Biological Elements • C = Carbon • H = Hydrogen • O = Oxygen • N = Nitrogen • P = Phosphorus • S = Sulfur

  6. (5) Biomolecules • Biomolecules = Organic = Carbon • Types: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  7. (6) Carbohydrates • Structure: • C, H, O • Monomer = Monosaccharide • Polymer = Polysaccharide • Function: Short term energy! • Examples: • Food  Fruits, Grains, Beans, Nuts • Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Starch, Cellulose

  8. (7) Lipids • Structure: • C, H, O • Monomer = Fatty Acids, Glycerols • Polymer = See Examples! • Function: • Long Term Energy! • Cell Membranes • Chemical messaging + cell development • Examples: • Food  Oil, Fat, Dairy Products, Avocados, Nuts • Neutral Fats, Steroids & Hormones, Phospholipids

  9. (8) Protein • Structure: • C, H, O, N, and sometimes S • Monomer = Amino Acid • Polymer = Polypeptide • Function: • Catalyze chemical reactions • Cellular structure • Protein = Visible DNA • Examples: • Food  Meat, Nuts, Beans, Dairy • Enzymes, Protein Channels

  10. (9) Nucleic Acids • Structure: • C, H, O, N, P • Monomer = Nucleotide • Polymer = See Examples! • Function: • Code genetic information • Translate instructions  Protein • Examples: • Food  Anything w/cells…. • DNA, RNA

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