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Family

Family. Family. Nuclear Family Father, mother and at least one child Extended Family Inclusive of other family members Extended Family Household Parents and children live with additional kin Modified Extended Family Separate individual nuclear families with close ties and interaction.

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Family

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  1. Family

  2. Family • Nuclear Family • Father, mother and at least one child • Extended Family • Inclusive of other family members • Extended Family Household • Parents and children live with additional kin • Modified Extended Family • Separate individual nuclear families with close ties and interaction

  3. Family • Theories • Ecological Systems Theory • Family is a system within a broader system • Based on Bronfenbrenner’s model • Family Systems Theory • Family is a whole of interrelated parts, each of which affects the other and is affected by every other part

  4. The Changing Family • More single adults, empty nesters included • Postponed marriage • Cohabitation • More married women working • Decline in child-bearing, more years w/o children

  5. The Changing Family More divorce, remarriages Reconstituted families More single-parent families, child poverty More multigenerational (beanpole) families Fewer caregivers for aging adults

  6. Parenting • Mothers generally spend more time with children • Fathers are capable of sensitive parenting • A more playful parent role • Divorce means less fathering • Fathers warmth and affection promotes • Social competence, achievement • Fewer psychological disorders

  7. Interaction Effects and Influence in Families • Indirect effects: • effects on children as a result of parents influences on one another (parent to parent) • Parent effects model • Parental influence filters down to child and how they develop • Child effects model • Child has influence on parents behavior toward the child • Transactional model • Reciprocal influences between parent and child and how each behaves toward the other.

  8. Outcomes of Parenting Styles • Children of authoritative parents • Adjusted, responsible, high achievement • Children of authoritarian parents • Moody, unhappy, aimless • Children of permissive parents • Low: self-control, independence, achievers • Children of neglectful/uninvolved parents • Behavior problems, antisocial

  9. Grandparenting • Average age of first time grandparenthood? • Three styles: • Remote (29%) • Distant emotionally and geographically • Companionate (55%) • Most common • Companions rather than caregivers • Involved (16%) • Assume parent-like role

  10. Changing Family Relationships Through the Lifespan • Siblings: • Sibling Rivalry • Parent / Child Relationships • Sandwich Generation • Caregiver burnout (burden) • Marriage • Divorce • Remarriage • About 75% remarry within 3 to 5 years

  11. Child Abuse • The Abuser • Only 1in 10 have severe psychological disorder • Typically young, single, poor, unemployed mother • Often themselves abused as children • Often a battered woman • Low self-esteem • Tends to have many children • Unrealistic expectations of children

  12. Child Abuse • The Target Child • Hyperactive, difficult • Often disabled or sickly • The Context • Parent feels powerless and threatened and needs a sense of control

  13. Effects of Family Violence on the Child • Physical damage to the abused • Brain damage – shaken baby syndrome • Behavior problems common • Deficient intellectual skills • Academic problems common • Disrupted social and emotional development • Lack of empathy

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