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AP World History Chapter 21

AP World History Chapter 21. The Muslim Empires. The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders Mid-1200s, Mongols defeat Seljuks Ottomans emerge dominant Into Balkans, 14th, 15th centuries 1453, take Constantinople Expansion Middle East, north Africa, Europe

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AP World History Chapter 21

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  1. AP World HistoryChapter 21 The Muslim Empires

  2. The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders • Mid-1200s, Mongols defeat Seljuks • Ottomans emerge dominant • Into Balkans, 14th, 15th centuries • 1453, take Constantinople • Expansion • Middle East, north Africa, Europe • Dominate Mediterranean • A. A State Geared to Warfare Military dominant • Turkic horsemen become warrior nobility • Janissary infantry • Conscripted youth from conquered peoples

  3. The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders • B. The Sultans and their Court • Use factions against each other • Vizier • Oversees large bureaucracy • Succession • No clear rules • C. Constantinople Restored and the Flowering of Ottoman Culture • Suleymaniye mosque, 16th century • Commercial center • Government control of trade, crafts • Artisan guilds • Turkish prevails

  4. I. The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders • D. The Problem of Ottoman Decline • Strong until late 1600s • Decline • Extended • Infrastructure insufficient • Dependent on conquest • End of conquest brings deficiencies • Regional leaders divert revenue • Sultans less dynamic

  5. . The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders • E. Military Reverses and the Ottoman Retreat • Janissaries • Conservative • Stop military, technological reform • Lepanto, 1571 • Defeated by Spain, Venice • Turks lose control of eastern Mediterranean • Portuguese outflank Middle East trade • Sail around Africa into Indian Ocean • Victories over Muslim navies • Inflation • Caused by New World bullion • Comes at same time as loss of revenue from control of trade

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