Airpower Through The Post Cold War (Part 2)

1. Airpower Through The Post Cold War(Part 2)

2. Overview • Video Clip/Beyond the Wild Blue • Operation PROVIDE COMFORT/NORTHERN WATCH • Background to conflict and lessons learned • Operation SOUTHERN WATCH • Background to conflict and lessons learned • Operation PROVIDE RELIEF/RESTORE HOPE • Background to conflict and lessons learned

3. “Beyond the Wild Blue”Video

4. “Beyond the Wild Blue”

5. The Crisis in Iraq • UN Security Council established a “no-fly zone” over northern Iraq to protect the Kurdish people from attacks by Saddam Hussein • Operation Provide Comfort began on 5 Apr 91 as a humanitarian relief effort to deliver food, clothing, and supplies to Iraq’s Kurdish refugees • C-130s began airdropping supplies on 7 Apr 91 • Lasted approximately eight years and was then replaced by Operation Northern Watch

6. The Crisis in IraqLessons Learned - ONW • The need to avoid “Fratricide” • The limitations of airdrops • Host-country tensions • The need for alternate bases • Lack of an “exit strategy”

7. The Crisis in Iraq • Operation Southern Watch (OSW) was a Combined Task Force enforcing the “no-fly zone” below the 36th parallel in southern Iraq • Not an aggression against Iraq – executed as a self-defense measure • Coalition partners included the U.S., UK, France, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait • More than 850 Iraqi SAM and AAA fire directed at coalition aircraft • Iraq violated the “no-fly zone” more than 160 times • More than 150,000 USAF sorties by 1998

8. “What we’ve effectively done since 1992 is conduct an air occupation of a country…” Gen Fogleman, Jul 1995

9. The Crisis in IraqLessons Learned - OSW • Became a test for USAF AEF concept in Oct 1995 • Quality of life changes needed due to high “Ops-Tempo” • Reorganized Security Forces

10. The Crisis in Somalia • In-mid 1992, drought and civil war devastated Somalia • Food supplies became a weapon of war • Operation Provide Relief began on 22 Aug 1992 by the U.S. to deliver food to Somali refugees • Military and civilian aircraft used • Over 2,000 sorties, carrying 48,162 metric tons of food

11. The Crisis in Somalia • Although a humanitarian effort: • 44 American soldiers lost their lives • 175 were injured or wounded • Danger of failure due to warlord interference • Operation Restore Hope • Coalition peacekeeping operation from 9 Dec 92 – 4 May 93 • First test of Rapid Global Mobility from the CONUS

12. The Crisis in SomaliaLessons Learned • First large scale test of newly formed AMC and the Tanker Airlift Control Center (TACC) • Difficulties evolved in the planning, coordinating and managing of the operation • Austere infrastructure of Somalia added to the lack of adequate bases for strategic airlift aircraft

13. Summary • Background to the Conflict • Iraqi threats • Air Defense Threat • The Plan of Attack • Concept of Operations • Five Strategic Rings • Targets • Campaign Overview • Video Clip/Beyond the Wild Blue

14. Summary • Video Clip/Beyond the Wild Blue Operation PROVIDE COMFORT/NORTHERN WATCH • Background to conflict and lessons learned • Operation SOUTHERN WATCH • Background to conflict and lessons learned • Operation PROVIDE RELIEF/RESTORE HOPE • Background to conflict and lessons learned

15. Summary • Operation DENY FLIGHT • Background to conflict and lessons learned • Operation ALLIED FORCE • Background • NATO Actions • Operation ALLIED FORCE Begins • Operation ALLIED FORCE • Lessons learned by U.S. Military • Political Lessons Learned • Impact of Lessons Learned on Future DOD Budget • CFD Review