Have your banned book on the desk.

1. Have your banned book on the desk. I am going too take this book away from you and tell you that I am going to have it taken off of all library and classroom shelves. Is this okay with you? Defend your position! THINK!

2. Now that we have research, how do we write an argumentative paper? Organizing an outline Building a thesis Creating an introductory paragraph Integrating quotes Writing the paper Printing a Works Cited page

3. Have out your computer - • Open up Easybib • Disengage all of your notes from one another • Add in opinion notes • Drag your notes into the outline • Make sure all of the sections are labeled properly. • Outline due tomorrow!

4. Now, let’s build a thesis statement. • Why formulate a thesis? • A thesis statement provides the following for your reader and your paper: • Notifies the reader of your original idea regarding your topic. • Expresses a specific feeling about a subject or highlights a specific feature of it. • Provides a tone (feeling), focus and direction for your writing.

5. The following is a formula that may help create a thesis: Formula: A specific subject (bungee jumping) + a specific feeling or feature (stretches safety to the limit) = an effective focus or thesis statement. Bungee jumping stretches safety to the limit.

6. Be Argumentative! • For the purpose of this paper, you will be presenting an argument and identifying your position about that argument. • State your position or claim for the reader. • Provide the reasons/evidence (research) to support this claim. • While your general argument will be based upon your position regarding the banning of your book, your thesis statement will give original, specific ideas about the topic. • You will then use your paper to prove and show support for your claim.

7. Examples and Hints • “Slavery didn’t cause the civil war.” • “Romeo and Juliet should not be read in schools because of sexual and violent content.” Hint #1: The banning of your book is the argument. • “Disagreement between the North and South over tariffs and states’ rights was a more significant cause of the Civil War than were opposing views about slavery.” (This is a strong thesis statement that makes CONTROVERSIAL claims against which people could argue, and it clearly identifies specific economic and political factors). • “Although Romeo and Juliet contains aspects of sexual and violent content, there are powerful and meaningful themes that are worth discussing and learning.” Hint #2: Your thesis is your position on the banning of your book.

8. Thesis Considerations • A thesis statement should be neither obvious or vague. • A thesis statement must be arguable and controversial. • It should be possible for someone to come up with a reasonable argument contradicting your own.

9. Introductory Paragraph The first paragraph of the paper describes the focus of your argument and your reason for making it. In this paragraph, you should: • A: Attract the audience. • B: Provide background information, must include title and author. • C: Central thesis. Argument plus your position. • D: Divisions. The support (research) you will discuss in your paper…banning, author, your thoughts.

10. Example of the formula steps. • Attract the audience: In the constitution, it states the guarantee of freedom of speech and of the press. • Background information: Even though this is stated in a government document, book banning flourishes today. The Butterfly Revolution by William Butler is a book about a young boy who goes to camp for the first time, and has the worst time of his life. • Central thesis: Although vile social habits, belief in atheism, and plots of overthrowing adult authority is not suitable for readers, this book should not be banned. • Divisions: Authors of banned books and challenged books have tried to express their feelings and thoughts, but they have been rejected for the inappropriate novels to stop young people from reading them.

11. Example of completed introductory paragraph. In the constitution, it states the guarantee of freedom of speech and of the press. Even though this is stated in a government document, book banning flourishes today. The Butterfly Revolution by William Butler is a book about a young boy who goes to camp for the first time, and has the worst time of his life. Although vile social habits, belief in atheism, and plots of overthrowing adult authority are not suitable for readers, this book should not be banned. Authors of banned books and challenged books have tried to express their feelings and thoughts, but they have been rejected for the inappropriate novels to stop young people from reading them.

12. Now let’s write the rest of the paper! • Sit with your outline and notes next to you. • Write one section at a time. • Integrate quotes and paraphrasing from your research to SUPPORT your opinion and ideas. • New idea = new paragraph. Remember this phrase: If an idea is spent, you must indent! • Do not count sentences or paragraphs. It is quality over quantity.

13. Quotes Should Fit Right In • Mention WHO said it (use Signal Phrase). • Quote it exactly as they said it. • Cite where you found it (author page). • Explain what it means, and how it applies to what you are writing about.

14. Mention Who Said It • Introduce your quote with a signal phrase. • Use a variety of signal phrases to keep your writing interesting. • According to (Author), “ • As (Author) goes on the explain, “ • Characterized by (Author), the U.S. is “ • As one critic points out, “ • (Author) believes that “ • (Author) claims that “ • In the words of (Author), “

15. Quote it Exactly • Whatever is between quote marks should be exactly as they said it. • Any changes MUST BE in square brackets: [l]ittle letters or [C]apital letters, for example. • Anytime you delete some words from a quote use an ellipsis . . . to show where words were removed.

16. “Kids would much rather we found ways to discuss those tough issues than to pretend they don’t exist.” Page 29 Your note:

17. Introduce, Quote, Cite Chris Crutcher believes that,“[k]ids would much rather we found ways to discuss those tough issues than to pretend they don’t exist” (Randal 29).

18. Explain After Chris Crutcher believes that, “[k]ids would much rather we found ways to discuss those tough issues than to pretend they don’t exist” (Randal 29).Judging by Mr. Crutcher’s immense popularity with troubled teens, it seems that he has, indeed, found ways to talk about the tough issues that teens want to talk about.

19. Integrate, Build, Connect Young people have more serious problems these days than their parents did. Yet parents and society want students to read the same cutesy books they used to read. These old books seem pointless to a generation dealing with AIDS, drugs and war.Chris Crutcher believes that, “[k]ids would much rather we found ways to discuss those tough issues than to pretend they don’t exist” (Randal 29). Judging by Mr. Crutcher’s immense popularity with troubled teens, it certainly seems that he has found ways to talk about the tough issues that teens want to talk about.

20. Ways To Integrate • Write carefully before and after quotes. • Focus on and explain particular words, phrases and ideas from the quotes. • Build strong connections between your ideas and the quotes. • Let the quotes give you ideas.

21. Giving credit where credit is due… • Giving credit within your paper is necessary • It saves time because you do not need to write footnotes • It stops plagiarism

22. Paraphrasing Definition: to reword what was written or said by someone else • Within your paraphrase statement, you cite your source surrounded by parentheses ( ) • Even though you used your own words, you still formed your idea from someone else. • Paraphrases give strong evidence that back up your thesis statement.

23. Parenthetical Citations Definition: • A parenthetical citation informs the reader where the original information came from. • The short parenthetical citation helps the reader find the complete source information in the Works Cited list. • UseEasybibto correctly structure your citations.

24. Parenthetical Citation Example of a book: J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, has caused controversy in many schools throughout the US (Jones 56). Explanation: Jones is the author and the author’s idea or statement is on page 56. Works Cited page: Jones, Mary. Choices. New York: Dell, 2004.

25. Works Cited Page • This is done for you already on Easybib! • Title the page: Works Cited Page • This will be the last page of your paper

26. Works Cited Page Example “Banned Books Week Sept 25-Oct 2”. www.sshl.uscd.edu/banned/books.html . AOL. December 14, 2004. “Cynthia Ozick turns over a new page”. www.int.com/articles/2004/11/22/features/ozick.html. AOL. December 13, 2004. Styron, William. Sophie’s Choice. New York: Random House, 1979. West, James III. Conversations With William Styron. Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 1985.