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Exploring Wireless Technology: Standards, Applications, and Security Challenges

This lecture delves into the dynamic world of wireless technology and its impact on mobile computing. We will explore various wireless standards such as WiFi and Bluetooth, alongside emerging applications in sectors like healthcare and education. We'll discuss the advantages of easily deployable wireless networks over traditional wired setups, performance issues including bandwidth constraints, and critical security considerations ranging from WEP to WPA2 protections. Understand the ongoing evolution of wireless technology and how it can enhance existing infrastructures without extensive rewiring.

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Exploring Wireless Technology: Standards, Applications, and Security Challenges

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Format of lecture • Introduction to Wireless • Wireless standards • Applications • Hardware devices • Performance issues • Security issues

  2. Wireless Technology • Wireless and mobile computing are the keywords • Very topical/exciting • This technology not yet mature • Promises that we can improvise our existing networks without having to lay new wires - roving staff will just have to insert a wireless card into their device and join the network • Interesting to compare the what the Telco’s are doing with 3G and how this rivals WiFi hotspots

  3. Wireless Technology • Wireless technology has to compete with • digital satellite • Cable • phone lines (HomePNA) 10Mbps • Power line (HomePlug) 14Mbps • Wireless broadband technology (WiMax) gives wire-free transmission of two way multimedia • Bandwidth is an issue here

  4. Wireless Technology • What is on the market/coming? • Communication cards to allow data from personal digital assistants to be synchronised with desktop PC’s • Cards to link laptops and PC’s with Global System for Mobiles(GSM) based phones and local area network devices • All the above enables firms to set up wireless networks without having to use Ethernet cable

  5. Wireless Protocols • Wireless LAN • Bluetooth • WAP/GPRS/UMTS • SWAP - Shared Wireless Access Protocol • 3G - third generation cellular standard

  6. Wireless versus Wired networks • Using Radio frequency (2.4GHz and 5GHz) • Easy to setup a small office or home office (SOHO) • Mobility • Travel through wall • Easy for network reconstruction

  7. What is WiFi? • Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11x network • Promulgated by an association called WiFi Alliance • WiFi Alliance certifies all wireless LAN IEEE802.11x based products for interoperability • All IEEE802.11x based products that passed the WiFi Alliances are called WiFi • Wireless Fidelity

  8. WiFi Standards • IEEE 802.11a • An IEEE standard for a wireless network that operates at 5 GHz with rates up to 54Mbps • IEEE 802.11b • An IEEE standard for a wireless network that operates at 2.4 GHz with rates up to 11Mbps • IEEE 802.11g – referred to as 54g (but don’t confuse that with the 54Mbps!) • An IEEE standard for a wireless network that operates at 2.4 GHz with rates up to 54Mbps

  9. WiFi Standards • WPA (WiFi protected Access) • TKIP encryption and protects against unauthorized network access through the use of a pre-shared key (PSK) • WMM (WiFi MultiMedia) • packet prioritisation that meet IEEE 802.11e quality of service standard. • Packets containing time-dependent data such as audio or video to be sent ahead of data that can safely wait a few microseconds

  10. WiFi Hardware • Access points (APs) • PCMCIA cards/ PC cards • USB adapters • PCI network cards • Wireless routers

  11. WiFi Applications • Retails • Warehouses • Healthcare • Education • http://www.wifinetnews.com/ • News about wifi and also see if you can find out the hotspot(s) around the Stoke-on-Trent area

  12. WiFi topology • Ad Hoc • Without use of Access Point • Peer-to-peer style communication • Recommended 3 or less users per channel • Infrastructure • Communication each other devices by the use of Access Point • About 10-30 users per access point

  13. Ad Hoc vs Infrastructure • Ad Hoc can be setup instantly for temporary solution • Scalability is limited to Ad Hoc • Coverage • Reliability • Efficiency

  14. Wireless LAN

  15. Security choices • Network security ensures the communications and files are protected • How important of the security depend on how you want to use the network. • Browsing internet and mp3 streaming may not need a security • Internet shopping or purchasing will use SSL security • There are several way to protect your data confidentiality while transmitting • In WLAN, you can change your SSID, WEP or WPA or latest technology WPA2

  16. Wireless surfing • Common knowledge that some users use someone else’s network connection to use the Internet “piggybacking” • Hi-gain antenna example that I use • How do you know someone is using you? • If infrastructure – you don’t – would have to look at router logs • Ad-hoc – shows in connections window • How do they know you are not using them in return?

  17. WEP • Wired Equivalent Privacy • Encrypt data over the radio waves • Implemented in MAC layer – NIC encrypt the frame before transmit • Using 64bits or 128bits encryption keys • Shared secret key • You need to provide 40 bits (10 digit Hex) or 104bits (26 digit Hex) • 24 bits Initialisation Vector (IV) for generating key sequence

  18. Limitation of WEP • Share, static keys • WEP only encrypt frame within wireless station but not within wired network • Limited IV numbers and may increase collision - IV repeats after sending 26GB. • Recovery attack - the data can be manipulated after a few hours by tracking repeating IV

  19. WPA and WPA v2 • WiFi Protected Access • Different key for each user • 48 bit IV – defeats recovery attack on WEP • Use Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) which dynamic change keys on transmission • More information on http://www.wifi.org

  20. Summary • Security is the main issues in wireless communications • Still in the development to increase the privacy • Next tutorial you will see wireless security in action

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