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acmg.seas.harvard/aqast

The NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST): Exploitation of Aura data Daniel J. Jacob, Harvard University AQAST Leader. http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/aqast. Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST). EARTH SCIENCE SERVING AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT NEEDS. Earth observing system.

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acmg.seas.harvard/aqast

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  1. The NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST):Exploitation of Aura dataDaniel J. Jacob, Harvard UniversityAQAST Leader http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/aqast

  2. Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) EARTH SCIENCE SERVING AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT NEEDS Earth observing system • Air Quality Management Needs • Pollution monitoring • Exposure assessment • AQ forecasting • Source attribution of events • Quantifying emissions • Natural&foreign influences • AQ processes • Climate-AQ interactions satellites AQAST suborbital platforms models AQAST

  3. Daniel Jacob (leader), Loretta Mickley (Harvard) • Greg Carmichael (U. Iowa) • Dan Cohan (Rice U.) • Russ Dickerson (U. Maryland) • Bryan Duncan, Yasuko Yoshida, Melanie Follette-Cook (NASA/GSFC); Jennifer Olson (NASA/LaRC) • David Edwards (NCAR) • Arlene Fiore (NOAA/GFDL); Meiyun Lin (Princeton) • Jack Fishman, Ben de Foy (Saint Louis U.) • DavenHenze, Jana Milford (U. Colorado) • Tracey Holloway, Steve Ackerman (U. Wisconsin); Bart Sponseller (Wisconsin DRC) • Edward Hyer, Jeff Reid, Doug Westphal, Kim Richardson (NRL) • Pius Lee, TianfengChai(NOAA/NESDIS) • Yang Liu, Matthew Strickland (Emory U.), Bin Yu (UC Berkeley) • Richard McNider, ArastooBiazar (U. Alabama – Huntsville) • Brad Pierce (NOAA/NESDIS) • Ted Russell, YongtaoHu, TalatOdman (Georgia Tech); Lorraine Remer (NASA/GSFC) • David Streets (Argonne) • Jim Szykman (EPA/ORD/NERL) • Anne Thompson, William Ryan, SuellenHaupt (Penn State U.) AQAST members

  4. AQAST organization • AQAST members are appointed for five years (starting May 2011) • They carry out Investigator Projects (IPs) with core funding, and Tiger Team Projects (TTPs) competed on annual basis to address urgent air quality management needs. • All AQAST projects involve partnerships with air quality managers and have deliverable air quality management outcomes • Biannual AQAST meetings provide forums for dialogue with air quality managers: NCAR (May 2011), EPA (Nov 2011), U. Wisconsin (Jun 2012), • Cal/EPA (Nov 2012) • We also have AQAST workshops, AQAST representation at air quality meetings, four special sessions and Town Hall at the Fall 2012 AGU…

  5. Partner agency SIP Modeling AQ processes Monitoring AQ-Climate Background IC/BC for AQ models Forecasting Emissions Future satellites • Local: RAQC, BAAQD • State: TCEQ, MDE, • Wisconsin DNR, CARB, • Iowa DNR, GAEPD, GFC • Regional: LADCO, EPA Region 8 • National: EPA, NOAA, • NPS Scope of current AQAST projects (IPs and TTPs) Theme Satellites: MODIS, MISR, MOPITT, AIRS, OMI, TES, GOES, GOME-2 Suborbital: ARCTAS, DISCOVER-AQ, ozonesondes, PANDORA Models: MOZART, CAM AM-3, GEOS-Chem, RAQMS, STEM, GISS, IPCC Earth Science resource

  6. Uncontrolled landfill liner fire within 5 miles of >150K people • 7.5 acres burned, May-June 2012 • 1.3 million shredded tires • Irritants + mutagens + SO2 + 5-80 µg/m3 PM2.5 • AQAST Nowcasting tool helped policymakers decide public health response & favorable conditions for fire intervention • WRF-Chem + GSI 3DVAR 72hr forecast assimilating MODIS data. • + AERMOD @ 100 m • + emissions factors from mobile monitoring by 3 groups • = New decision support toolkit for rapid public health response to urban toxic releases AQAST decision support for the Iowa Landfill Fire of 2012 AQAST PIs: Carmichael, Spak

  7. 4TH highest NA background ozone (GEOS-Chem) • Peer-reviewed global model statistics for US, North American, and natural background ozone from AQAST form the basis for the EPA Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) and Risk and Exposure Assessment (REA) in the current NAAQS revision • Estimates from two independent models (GEOS-Chem and AM-3) provide a first error characterization on background estimates • Satellite observations are being used for background forecasting, model evaluation AQAST estimates of US background ozone for EPA revision of NAAQS Annual maximum stratospheric influence (AM-3) Background forecasting using AIRS CO over Pacific Zhang et al. [2011], Lin et al. [2012ab] AQAST PIs: Fiore, Jacob

  8. TES & OMI data test model estimates of US ozone background TES and OMI 500 hPa ozone for spring 2006 compared to AM-3 and GEOS-Chem Bias vs. N mid-latitude sondes subtracted from retrievals • AM-3 tends to be high, GEOS-Chem low compared to TES & OMI • Suggests that AM-3 and GEOS-Chem bracket true background L. Zhang (Harvard), A. Fiore (Columbia)

  9. TES ozone radiative forcing per ppb GEOS-Chem model adjoint Using TES instantaneous ozone radiative forcing datato quantify radiative forcing efficiency of emission controls Aug 2006, land, daytime Relative efficacy of NOxemissions controls on ozone radiative forcing Worden et al., (2008; 2011), Aghedo et al., 2011 NOx emission controls are most beneficial at low latitudes AQAST PI: Henze Bowman and Henze, submitted

  10. Using OMI formaldehyde to improve isoprene emission inventoriesfor State Implementation Plan (SIP) modeling and AQ forecasts Correlation of monthly mean HCHO with air T HCHO column, Jun-Aug 2005 NE Texas, JJA 2005-2008 Exponential fit MEGAN inventory 2006 2007 285 290 295 300 K Daily data in Southeast US binned by air temperature turnover at 310 K 2008 290 295 300 305 310 K Lei Zhu, Harvard 5 10 15 1015 molecules cm-2 AQAST PIs: Mickley, Cohan

  11. Observation of SO2 point sources in US by OMI oversampling SO2 point sources, 2004-2007 3 km-resolution data enables analysis of SO2 emission trends, SO2 atmospheric lifetime OMI SO2 (3 km oversampling) AQAST PI: De Foy

  12. Mapping trends of urban NO2 using OMI with oversampling Google map overlay Los Angeles May-Aug 2005-2007 May-Aug 2009-2011 AQAST PI: Duncan Y. Yoshida and B. Duncan (NASA/GSFC)

  13. Oil sand recovery In Alberta OMI NO2 columns, 2004-2010 Using OMI observationsto monitor growth in emissions from Canadian oil sands NO2 increase of 10.4 ±3.5% per year McLinden et al. [GRL 2012] AQAST PI: DIckerson

  14. Using OMI observations to monitor NOx emission growth in China and India 2007/2005 ratio of OMI NO2 tropospheric columns: Circles are new power plants [Streets et al., 2012] 1996-2010 trend of OMI NO2 tropospheric columns over Indian power plants regions: 70% increase is consistent with bottom-up emission inventory [Lu and Streets, 2012] AQAST PI: Streets

  15. trucks rail • OMI NO2 constrains poorly constrained emissions from freight • OMI enables national NO2 monitoring beyond the limited EPA AQS network Using OMI NO2 to improve NOx mobile source emissions and surface NO2 monitoring trucks OMI correlation with AQS 2007 annual AQS NO2 AQAST PI: Holloway E. Bickford and T. Holloway

  16. Optimization of NOx emissions by Kalman filter using OMI NO2 together with aircraft (TEXAQS-II) and surface AQS data Using OMI NO2 to constrain NOx emissions for State Implementation Planning (SIP) in Texas CAMx NO2, optimized emissions CAMx NO2, base emissions OMI NO2, June 2006 AQAST PI: Cohan

  17. OMI and aircraft NO2 observations during DISCOVER-AQ show that model NOxlifetimes are too short OMI OMI Implies model errors in NOx chemistry, underestimate of ozone production efficiency downwind from Baltimore Canty, Brent, Dickerson, et al. (in prep.) upwind AQAST PI: DIckerson

  18. 1. Easily obtain useful data in familiar formats • Custom OMI NO2 “Level 3” products on any grid in netCDF with WHIPS (Holloway) • Annual NO2 shapefiles - OMI & CMAQ on CMAQ grids (AQAST Tiger Team) • Google Earth • 2. Find easy-to-use guidance & example scripts for understanding OMI products and comparing to simulated troposphere & PBL concentrations • One-stop user portal (Holloway & AQAST Tiger Team) • OMI NO2 & SO2 guidance, field campaign example case studies (Spak & AQAST Tiger Team) • 3. Obtain OMI observational operators for assimilation & emissions inversion in CMAQ • NO2 in GEOS-Chem  CMAQ (Henze, Pye) • SO2 in STEM  CMAQ (Spak, Kim) • O3 in STEM  CMAQ (Huang, Carmichael, Kim) AQAST progress toward an OMI AQ management toolkit:AQ managers can now… OMI NO2 KML in SARP flight planning AQAST PIs: Carmichael, Spak

  19. AQAST lenticular produced by Bryan Duncan (ask for it!!)

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