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Renaissance

Renaissance. Time Period: 1450 – 1600 AD Composers: Giovanni da Palestrina (model composer from Italy) Josquin des Pres (Netherlands) Orlando di Lasso (Netherlands) William Byrd (England) Claudio Monteverdi (Italy) John Farmer (Ireland) Works: Pope Marcelli’s Mass, Fair Phyllis.

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Renaissance

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  1. Renaissance • Time Period: 1450 – 1600 AD • Composers: Giovanni da Palestrina (model composer from Italy) • Josquin des Pres (Netherlands) • Orlando di Lasso (Netherlands) • William Byrd (England) • Claudio Monteverdi (Italy) • John Farmer (Ireland) • Works: Pope Marcelli’s Mass, Fair Phyllis

  2. Renaissance (Cultural Aspects) • Renaissance - French for “rebirth” • Focus on human wisdom (artistic and intellectual activity) • Beginning of exploration • Artistic developments (human form) • Music in society – In Court or in Church • Style • Accapella – no accompaniment • Polyphony • Cantus Firmus – ground base • Word Painting – (“Up to the sky” melody goes up in pitch)

  3. Historical Context • Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, William Shakespeare • Music Printing: 1500s • Growth of many types of music • Rise of instrumental music • Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter Reformation • Inspiration to many great choral works

  4. Protestant Reformation • Martin Luther • Catholic Monk • Felt church was becoming corrupt • Selling of indulgences (biggest complaint) • Nailed his complaints to door of church (95 Thesis) • Church and State – Church had control of government • Bishops and Cardinals were in control because of their wealth, not faith • Etc.

  5. Historical Context • The printing press! (Johannes Gutenberg) • Counter Reformation (Catholic Church) • Council of Trent (1543-1563): Clean Up Crew • Palestrina was hired to “clean up” sacred music • Removal of ornamentation

  6. Musical Description • Rise of Polyphony • “The Golden Age of Vocal Polyphony” • Preferred performance was unaccompanied (a capella) • 4 or more voice lines that are similar and equal in importance • Consonance: Major, happy sounding

  7. Sacred Music • Motet – Latin, dedicated to Virgin Mary • Single Latin text, 3-4 voices, ornamented, sometimes based on previous text (cantus firmus) • Sung by professional singers (trained from childbirth) • Masses • Ordinary, Proper, Requiem • Council of Trent – focus on words, no secular sounds • Anglican Church of England – King Henry VIII (Break away from Catholic church – divorce)

  8. Secular Music • Fixed Forms • ABA (Strophic) • Dances, pavane, galliard, rondo (ABAC), allemande • About love, lyrical, set with word painting • The Chanson (French secular music) • Lower voice parts played on instruments • Madrigal (Italian and English) • 4-6 voices (instruments used)

  9. Instruments • Winds: Bag pipe, crumhorn, recorder, sackbut, bladder pipe • Strings: Lute, dulcimer, hurdy gurdy, viol, gamba, harp • Percussion: Hand Drums • Keyboard: Harpsichord

  10. Design a test question • Design a test question for Middle Ages • Tell me what category it would be: history, composer, time period, instruments, etc. • Write a fill in blank question (complete sentence) • Tell me what should be in the blank • Do the same for Renaissance

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