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Psychology and Law Enforcement Pertemuan 02

Psychology and Law Enforcement Pertemuan 02. Matakuliah : L0472 - Psikologi Forensik Tahun : Feb -2010. Psychology and Law Enforcement. Reza Indragiri Amriel KIK UI / PTIK. Themes. Selection Predicting success Encounters with the public Stress Questioning suspects False confessions.

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Psychology and Law Enforcement Pertemuan 02

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  1. Psychology and Law EnforcementPertemuan 02 Matakuliah : L0472 - Psikologi Forensik Tahun : Feb -2010

  2. Psychology and Law Enforcement Reza Indragiri Amriel KIK UI / PTIK

  3. Themes Selection Predicting success Encounters with the public Stress Questioning suspects False confessions

  4. 1. Selection The ‘predispositional’ model The ‘socialization’ model  “Predict success and screen propensity forviolence” (Scrivner, 1994) Ainsworth (1993): sense of humor, communication skills, adaptability, common sense, resilience, assertiveness, sensitivity, tolerance, integrity, literacy, honesty, problem-solving ability

  5. 2. Predicting success within the force Burbeck & Furnham (1985): intelligence and education // success ? Hollin (1989): psychometric and interview  success ? Pynes & Bernardin (1992):  assessment center: directing orders, interpersonal skills, perception, decision-making, decisiveness, adaptability, oral communication, written communication.

  6. 3. Encounters with the public PR: Problematic // multiracial societies Reiser & Klyver (1987): police training  listening, counseling, stress-awareness, communication, decision-making, conflict-resolution skills. Bull et al (1985): Human Awareness Training (HAT)  more satisfied, less complaint  improved police-public relations.

  7. 3. Encounters (continued …) Predatory policing >< Community policing Policing can best be described as predatory where police activities are mainly (not to say exclusively) devoted to the personal enrichment and selfpreservation of the police themselves rather than the protection of the public or the systematic repression of subordinate groups (Gerber & Mendelson, 2008).

  8. 3. Encounters (continued …) No police force in the world is completely free of corruption and violent abuse by officers in its ranks. Ex: “…police violence and corruption are considerably less frequent in the United States than in Russia, at least for whites, and possibly also for Hispanics and blacks.” (Weitzer & Tuch, 2004). Empat besar lembaga terkorup versi GCB.doc

  9. 3. Encounters (continued …) “Kita belum tahu ada maksud-maksud tertentu apa di belakangnya. Organisasi ini (TII, red) bisa jadi ditunggangi oleh kelompok tertentu yang ingin mendiskreditkan Polri” (Brigjen. Anton Bahrul Alam pada Hukumonline, 7-12-2007) “…belajar untuk intropeksi diri dan mengakui kesalahan ….” (Mhs. PTIK pada email 12-11-2008) “Penelitian apa? Tai kucing!” (Irjen. Sisno Adiwinoto padaKoran Tempo, 7-12-2007)

  10. 4. Stress Stressful nature of work (Bull et al., 1983) versus ‘canteen culture’ / John Wayne Syndrom (Manolias, 1991) Categories of stress (Terry, 1981): External Internal Task-related Own personal safety

  11. 4. Stress (continued …) Cooper et al. (1982): work overload, lack of personal recognition and unfulfilled work aspirations, perceived unnecessary obstacles that undermine the police function, consequences of autocratic management. Gudjonsson & Adlam (1982): high-rank ‘versus’ low-rank

  12. 4. Stress (continued …) Kureczka (1996): 4-10% of people experiencing a critical incident will develop PTSD Critical incident stress will affect 87% of all emergency services workers at least once in their career 70% of police officers who use deadly force leave law enforcement within 5 years

  13. 58% heightened sense of danger 49% anger 46% sleep difficulties 45% isolation/withdrawal 44% flashbacks/intruding thoughts 43% emotional numbing 42% depression 40% alienation 37% guilt or sorrow 34% nightmares 28% mark of Cain 28% problems with authority figures 27% family problems 23% feelings of insanity or loss of control 18% sexual difficulties 14% alcohol/drug abuse 11% suicidal thoughts 4. Stress (continued …) Shooting involved officer:

  14. 5. Questioning suspects Completeness and accuracy Why suspect confesses (Gudjonsson & Brownes, 1992): proof, internal pressure, external pressure Psychological techniques (Leo, 1996): “can be best understood as a confidence game based on the manipulation and betrayal of trust” (p. 259)

  15. 6. False confessions Most damaging evidence that can be presented in court Most confessions are negotiated 20% are recanted Three types of false confessions: Voluntary: desire for publicity, guilt, psychopathology Coerced-compliant: avoid further interrogation, gain promised benefit, avoid threatened punishment Coerced-internalized: heightened suggestibility What percentage of confessions are false? Can’t really know… Cassell (1996): 10-394 annually in the US

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