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Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 07 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida

Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 07 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida. ANIMALIA (More Similar to Fungi than Plants). ANIMAL SIMILARITIES PLANTS FUNGI Cell Walls - Immobile - Often need - substrate - Heterotrophs - Not photosynthetic.

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Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 07 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida

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  1. Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 07 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida ANIMALIA (More Similar to Fungi than Plants)

  2. ANIMAL SIMILARITIES PLANTS FUNGI Cell Walls - Immobile - Often need - substrate - Heterotrophs - Not photosynthetic

  3. Important things to remember from Dr. Polcyn’s talk: GERM LAYERS and SEGMENTATION

  4. Eumetazoa has: Germ Layers Endoderm Ectoderm Tissues

  5. Segmentation: an example: A simplified arthropod larva with multiple segments, each with appendages, or the genetic ability to develop appendages.

  6. Different kinds of arthropods can elaborate upon different segments and appendages. This provides an enormous versatility.

  7. Choanoflagella Porifora Placozoa Ctenophora Cnidaria Protostomia Pterobranchia Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Animalia (What of this do I need to know?!?)

  8. Choanoflagella Animalia

  9. Choanoflagellates have no fossil record. It is likely that choanoflagellates existed on the Earth since the Late Precambrian, because they are the closest living relatives of the sponges, the most primitive metazoans. Choanoflagellates are almost identical in shape and function with the choanocytes or “collar cells” of sponges; these cells generate a current that draws water and food particles through the body of a sponge, and they filter out food particles.

  10. Animalia Multicellular heterotrophs

  11. Choanoflagella Porifora Metazoa

  12. Porifera (Sponges): Known as far back as PreCambrian 600 million years ago.

  13. Example: Porifora (Sponges): No true tissues

  14. Choanoflagella Porifora Placozoa

  15. Placozoa: Only one species: Trichoplax adhaerens

  16. Choanoflagella Porifora Placozoa Ctenophora Cnidaria Eumetazoa

  17. Eumetazoa Germ Layers Endoderm Ectoderm Tissues

  18. Ctenophores and Cnidarians Two germ layers Only one opening into gut.

  19. Ctenophores and Cnidarians Known as far back as PreCambrian “Ediacarian Faunas”.

  20. Cnidaria: Corals

  21. Cnidaria: Anenomes

  22. Cnidaria: Jelly fish

  23. Ctenophora (Comb Jellies)

  24. Choanoflagella Porifora Placozoa Ctenophora Cnidaria Protostomia Bilateralia

  25. Bilateralia Bilaterally symmetrical at some point during ontogeny (“Ontogeny” = lifecycle from conception to death)

  26. Bilateralia Includes two great groups of animals: Protostomia (means 1st mouth) Deuterostomia (means 2nd mouth)

  27. Protostomia includes many phyla, including: • Arthropoda • Mollusca • Annelida (segmented worms) • Many others

  28. Choanoflagella Porifora Placozoa Ctenophora Cnidaria Protostomia Pterobranchia Deuterostomia (We’ll do these later.)

  29. PROTOSTOMIA Bilateralia – Part 1

  30. Choanoflagella Porifora Placozoa Ctenophora Cnidaria Protostomia Pterobranchia Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Animalia

  31. Recall : Bilateralia –Includes two great groups of animals: Protostomia (means 1st mouth) Deuterostomia (means 2nd mouth)

  32. Protostomia includes many phyla, including: • Arthropoda • Mollusca • Annelida (segmented worms) • Many others

  33. Ecdysozoa Others Platyhelminthes Mollusca Annelida Lophotrochozoa

  34. Ecdysozoa Others Platyhelminthes Mollusca Annelida Lophotrochozoa

  35. Platyhelminthes – flatworms thought to be a primitive member of this grouping. Lack a “coelom” – a fluid- filled space between gut tube and body wall.

  36. Ecdysozoa Others Platyhelminthes Mollusca Annelida Lophotrochozoa

  37. Annelid Worms: Annelid-like organisms are known from PreCambrian (over 600 million years old) Edicarian Faunas. Key Innovation: Segmentation

  38. Annelid worms thought to be possibly primitive to Mollusca.

  39. MOLLUSCA • Most groups known back to Cambrian or PreCambrian • Includes: • Polyplacophora (chitons) • Bilvavia • Cephalopoda • Gastropoda

  40. Features of MOLLUSCA • Four key synapomorphies: • Shell • Mantle (secretes shell) • Radula (feeding appraratus) • Muscular foot

  41. POLYPLACOPHORA Chitions – Molluscs with segmented shells

  42. BIVALVES – Two shells joined by strong adductor muscle (closing muscle)

  43. Gastropods: All gastropods have some degree of TORSION (twisting).

  44. Cephalopoda – includes: • Nautiloids • Ammonoids* • Cuttlefish • Squid • Octopi • *found by Mary Anning

  45. Ecdysozoa Others Platyhelminthes Mollusca Annelida Lophotrochozoa

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