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The Thirty Years War 1618-1648

The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. Alliances. Protestant Union formed 1608, Catholic League formed 1609 German princes seek protection from each other. War Begins. Ferdinand, Catholic King of Bohemia closes Protestant churches Defenestration of Prague, Ferdinand’s officials thrown from window

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The Thirty Years War 1618-1648

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  1. The Thirty Years War1618-1648

  2. Alliances • Protestant Union formed 1608, Catholic League formed 1609 • German princes seek protection from each other

  3. War Begins • Ferdinand, Catholic King of Bohemia closes Protestant churches • Defenestration of Prague, Ferdinand’s officials thrown from window • Beginning of 30 Years War

  4. 1st Phase (Bohemian Phase) • Civil War in Bohemia • Catholics Vs Protestants • Ferdinand wins, elected Holy Roman Empire • Forces Bohemia to convert

  5. 2nd Phase (Danish Phase) • Protestant, Christian IV of Denmark invades • Catholics win more victories under leadership of mercenary Albert Wallenstein • Seeks to create his own empire • Catholic forces divided

  6. Edict of Restitution 1629 • Only Catholicism and Lutheranism allowed, no Calvinism • Restores lost Catholic lands to 1552 owners

  7. 3rd Phase (Swedish Phase) • GustavusAdolphus of Sweden comes to aid Protestants • With financial support of France and Cardinal Richelieu • Seek to weaken Habsburg power

  8. 4th Phase (French/ International Phase) • French openly join the war • Declare war on Spain • Ends Habsburg hope of a unified Germany • War drags on killing millions and hurting German economy and agriculture

  9. Peace of Westphalia 1648 • End of Religious Wars, reconfirms Peace of Augsburg, allows Calvinism • Increases independence of German Princes • Weakens HRE, ensuring disunity • Pope shut out of German affairs • Spain & Austria weakened • France gets territory of Alsace • Sweden gets money and Baltic states • Dutch and Swiss gain independence

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