How to use quotes effectively and properly.

1. “ How to use quotes effectively and properly. ”

2. Quotation marks are like the road signs you see when you enter and leave the city.

3. “Just as the signs define the city limits, quotation marks show where speech begins and ends” (O’Conner 119).

4. Now, use the reports on your desk to find one example of a quote.

5. Glue it onto a sheet of paper.

6. 4-Steps: Introduce it. Quote it. Cite it. Punctuate it.

7. #1 Introduce it. Quote it.Cite it. Punctuate it.

8. Introduce it. EXAMPLES: In the words of researchers Redelmeier and Tibshirani, “…” As Matt Sundeen has noted, “…” Patti Pena, mother of a child killed by a driver distracted by a cell phone, points out that “…”

9. Introduce it. MORE EXAMPLES: “…,” writes Christine Haughney, “…” “…,” claims wireless spokesperson Annette Jacobs. Radio hosts Tom and Ray Magliozzi offer a persuasive counterargument: “…”

10. Introduce it. According to a survey conducted by the National Constitution Center (NCC) in 1998, “52 percent of teenagers have a television in their bedrooms.” Quotes can be written with an introduction before the quote… + Introduction Quote

11. Introduce it. “52 percent of teenagers have a television in their bedrooms,” according to a survey conducted by the National Constitution Center (NCC) in 1998. Quotes can be written with the introduction after the quote… + Quote Introduction

12. Introduce it. Many teenagers “have a television in their bedrooms,” according to a survey conducted by the National Constitution Center (NCC) in 1998, which accounts for “52 percent.” Quotes can be written with the introduction between the quote… Quote + Introduction + Quote

13. Introduce it. According to a survey conducted by the National Constitution Center (NCC) in 1998, “52 percent of teenagers have a television in their bedrooms” which is why there is a huge obesity problem. Quotes can be placed between text. Introduction + Quote + text

14. Introduce it. Now, look at the quote you cut out and glued on your paper. Underline the quote and highlight the remaining textred. Quote text Quote Introduction + + +

15. Introduce it. Introduction How many ways can a quote being introduced? (Write them all down on your sheet of paper…) According to…

16. Here is a list of verbs to help you out… • says • states • suggests • thinks • writes • notes • observes • points out • reasons • refutes • rejects • reports • responds • reveals • demonstrates • denies • disputes • emphasizes • endorses • explains • grants • illustrates • implies • insists • acknowledges • adds • admits • agrees • argues • asserts • believes • claims • concludes • confirms • counters • declares

17. #2 Introduce it. Quote it.Cite it. Punctuate it.

18. Any time you useany wordfrom someone else’s words,you must quote him or her. Quote it.

19. It also helps prove your claim because it provides evidence. Quote it.

20. Quote it. When quoting, you must be careful to do it properly or it is plagiarism… 1. Do not cut and paste from the internet 2. Do not copy word-for-word without using quotation marks, even if you give a source citation at the end of your sentence

21. Quote it. 3. Do not replace a few words with synonyms, keeping the basic sentence structure; you are still stealing the sentence structure 4. Do not paraphrase without the parenthetical citation to indicate its original source

22. #3 Introduce it. Quote it.Cite it. Punctuate it.

23. () How to cite your sources and create a bibliography. Cite it. Smith 101

24. When you quote, you must show the readerwhere to look in the bibliography. Cite it.

25. Cite it. “Just as the signs define the city limits, quotation marks show where speech begins and ends” (O’Conner 119). Did you notice that on my earlier slide?

26. When you quote, you must show the readerwhere to look in the bibliography. Cite it. “Just as the signs define the city limits, quotation marks show where speech begins and ends” (O’Conner 119). O, Conner, Patricia T. Woe is I Jr. New York: Scholastic, 2007.

27. QUOTED According to California State Senator Brad Nichols, selling soda “undermines the good habits that parents are trying to instill” (Thompson 24). Cite it. Author’s last name

28. QUOTED According to California State Senator Brad Nichols, selling soda “undermines the good habits that parents are trying to instill” (Thompson 24). Cite it. Page the quote was found on

29. Cite it. There are many ways to cite your source depending on thetypeorlocationof the info…

30. Cite it. There are many ways to cite your source depending on thetypeorlocationof the info… RULE OF THUMB: Check the bibliography citation to see what information you have listed first. This will determine how you cite your sources.

31. Always start with the item listed first…

32. It could be the author’s last name

33. …or, it could be the publication.

34. Cite it. According to the author of 30 Great Sci-Fi Stories, nearly 80 percent of all Star Trek fans are male (Adams 132). So, your paper would look like this if you have the author’s name… The last name of the author and the page that fact was listed on.

35. Cite it. Science Fiction based on “imagined science” that pertains to society or individuals (The Encyclopedia Galactica 391). …or, like this if you don’t. The publication name and the page that fact was listed on.

36. Cite it. ESSAY Matt Sundeen notes that drivers with cell phones place an estimated 98,000 emergency calls each day” (25). If the author was already introduced in your text, you only need the page number. WORKS CITED ENTRY Sundeen, Matt. “Cell Phones and Highway Safety: 2000 State Legislative Update.” National Conference of State Legislatures. Dec. 2000.

37. Cite it. Science Fiction based on “imagined science” that pertains to society or individuals (The Encyclopedia Galactica 391). RULE OF THUMB: Citations in the parentheses must use the name that is listed first in the bibliography. This way, if the reader wants to research more, they know what to look for when they flip back to your bibliography.

38. Cite it. Science Fiction based on “imagined science” that pertains to society or individuals (The Encyclopedia Galactica). Page numbers may also not be available. In this case, you would simply cite the source without a page number.

39. #4 Introduce it. Quote it.Cite it. Punctuate it.

40. QUOTED According to California State Senator Brad Nichols, selling soda “undermines the good habits that parents are trying to instill” (Thompson 24). When you quote, you must show the readerwhere to look in the bibliography. Did you notice there is NO comma?

41. QUOTED According to California State Senator Brad Nichols, selling soda “undermines the good habits that parents are trying to instill” (Thompson 24). When you quote, you must show the readerwhere to look in the bibliography. Did you notice the parentheses?

42. QUOTED According to California State Senator Brad Nichols, selling soda “undermines the good habits that parents are trying to instill” (Thompson 24). When you quote, you must show the readerwhere to look in the bibliography. How about the periodafter the citation?

43. QUOTED According to California State Senator Brad Nichols, selling soda “undermines the good habits that parents are trying to instill” (Thompson 24). When you quote, you must show the readerwhere to look in the bibliography. And, the quotes end before the citation.

44. We already learned this when we completed this handout

45. Punctuate it. The final step is to make sure your punctuation symbolizes your intentions.

46. Punctuate it. #1. Show that you took out words from a quote by using ellipses.

47. ORIGINAL PASSAGE Brad Nichols added, “When you have this marketplace of junk and soda everywhere else, it undermines the good habits that parents are trying to instill.” QUOTED According to California State Senator Brad Nichols, selling soda “undermines the good habits that parents…instill” in their children (Nichols 32). Punctuate it. Show that you took out words from a quote by using ellipses.

48. ORIGINAL PASSAGE Brad Nichols added, “When you have this marketplace of junk and soda everywhere else, it undermines the good habits that parents are trying to instill.” QUOTED Brad Nichols told Californians that those who sold soda “[undermined] the good habits that parents [have tried] to instill” (Nichols 32). Punctuate it. #2. Show that you changed one word or the tense of a word by using brackets.

49. ORIGINAL PASSAGE Brad Nichols added, “When you have this marketplace of junk and soda everywhere else, it undermines the good habits that parents are trying to instill.” QUOTED Brad Nichols told Californians that those who sold soda “[undermined] the good habits that parents [have tried] to instill” (Nichols 32). Punctuate it. #3. Place a comma before and after a quote if it needs it… RULE OF THUMB: Read your writing and listen for drops in your voice, pauses, and a change in voice. Each drop, pause, or voice change represents a possible comma.

50. ORIGINAL PASSAGE Brad Nichols added, “When you have this marketplace of junk and soda everywhere else, it undermines the good habits that parents are trying to instill.” QUOTED Brad Nichols told Californians that those who sold soda “[undermined] the good habits that parents [have tried] to instill” (Nichols 32). Punctuate it. Place a comma before and after a quote if it needs it… RULE OF THUMB: Read your writing and listen for drops in your voice and pauses. Each drop or pause represents a possible comma.