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The Sioux Nation

The Sioux Nation. Shweta Mahajan 2B. Government - Major Subdivisions. 3. Nakota ( 3 bands): Yankton Upper Yankton Lower Yankton . 2. Dakota ( 4 bands): Wahpeton Wahpekute Sisseton Mdeakantonwon. 1. Lakota (6 bands): Oglala Sicangu Hunkpapa Miniconjous Sihasapa Itazipacola.

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The Sioux Nation

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  1. The Sioux Nation Shweta Mahajan 2B

  2. Government - Major Subdivisions 3. Nakota (3 bands): • Yankton • Upper Yankton • Lower Yankton 2. Dakota (4 bands): • Wahpeton • Wahpekute • Sisseton • Mdeakantonwon 1. Lakota (6 bands): • Oglala • Sicangu • Hunkpapa • Miniconjous • Sihasapa • Itazipacola

  3. Location • Southeast Montana • Central-East Wyoming • Southwest North Dakota • Central-West South Dakota • Northwest Nebraska • South Saskatchewan • South Manitoba

  4. Climate • Grassy, green hills/valleys • Several streams and rivers • Dry, humid summers • Long, harsh winters

  5. History • Nomadic peoples migrated from Asia • Harsh, cold weather forced them to migrate farther north • In the 1860s, the Sioux battled the white man in order to preserve their land • US government signed a treaty allowing them to keep a portion of the land (a reservation) • During the Gold Rush, rumors spread about the gold located in the Sioux area • The Sioux and the Cheyenne united forces and fought against the white man • Traveled to the Dakotas • Battle of Wounded Knee: large % of Sioux tribe members died

  6. Culture Medicine Wheel - symbolizes great spiritual significance • Shape of the wheel represents the circle of life and death (considered never-ending) • Most importantly represents the unity in the Great Spirit or Grandfather.

  7. Customs • Birth of a child: very important event • birth celebration lasted for days • Sioux children were not given names upon birth • As they grew older, children won names by committing brave acts or special talents • The Sun Dance: most religious ceremony/practiced ritual (fasting, singing, dancing, drumming, the experience of visions, and self-torture)

  8. Relationships • Man – head of the household; bread-winner • Sioux became friendly with the British after the fall of the French power and supported the British against the United States in the American Revolution • Allied themselves with Cheyenne and other nearby Native American tribes • The Lakota Sioux dominated the Dakota and Nakota

  9. Religious/Belief System • The Sioux regard the universe as ultimately incomprehensible; life, growth, and death are mysterious and suggestive of powers difficult to understand • The incomprehensibility and unpredictability of the universe, anything difficult to understand, is called 'wakan', (the animating force of the universe) • Wakan Tanka is the sum total of the personified powers that brought all things into being; sometimes it is embodied as the Six Grandfathers. At birth one receives a guardian spirit; at death it returns to the spirit world. “Everything has its own spirit but all share the same spiritual essence.”

  10. Economics • Hunter/Gatherer lifestyle • Resources generally equally distributed • Simple search for the bare necessities • Lack of a motive for profit/gain – no goal

  11. Resources • Most important resource was the buffalo • Meat provided protein and nutrition • Skin used for clothing and bags and fur provided warmth • Tail used as a whip • Horns were versatile; many uses such as making spoons, cups, signals, and toys • The Spanish introduced horses to the Sioux • Became a means of carrying articles and transportation

  12. Cuisine • Buffalo meat • Vegetables/fruits • Wild rice • Deer/small game • Edible plants • Maize

  13. Literature • Spoke Siouan languages • 33,000 speakers • Three distinct dialects among the Sioux • Oral songs/stories • Using pictographs and symbols • Currently spoken by 22,000 Americans and Canadians today • 13 vowels • Nearly twice the amount of consonants

  14. Sioux Art

  15. Education • Boys were taught by their fathers • hunting • farming • Girls were taught by their mothers • cooking • becoming caretakers • Use of storytelling and games

  16. Clothing

  17. Music • “Led by a single vocalist (solo) who sings a phrase that is then repeated by a group.” • Rhythmic use of drums, tambourines, and flutes • Music festivals acted as social gatherings • Songs of both religious and secular nature

  18. Technology • bows and arrows • spears • war clubs • buffalo-hide shields • snares when hunting buffalo • setting controlled fires

  19. Status • Declining status due to European settlers entering Sioux territory • Sioux confined to reservations • Only about 30,000 remain today in the mid-western US and southern Canada

  20. Contributions • Innovative techniques of art • Jewelry • Clothing and dyes • Musical instruments which later became prevalent in American music • Farming methods • Knowledge of survival in the wilderness

  21. Works Cited • http://www.snowwowl.com/peoplesioux.html • http://www.sioux-art.com/en/gallery.php • http://siouxme.com/buff-ind.html • http://indians.org/articles/sioux-indians.html • http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/nam/sioux.html • http://siouxpoet.tripod.com/id14.html

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