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Chapter 37

Chapter 37. Circulatory and Respiratory Systems. Wednesday, May 2, 2012. Todays Goal: To trace a blood cell throughout the heart, the body, and the lungs. Book Section: 37.1 – Please Turn to Page 944 Homework: Diagram the Heart Standard:

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Chapter 37

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  1. Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

  2. Wednesday, May 2, 2012 Todays Goal: To trace a blood cell throughout the heart, the body, and the lungs. Book Section: 37.1 – Please Turn to Page 944 Homework: Diagram the Heart Standard: 9A Students know how the complementary activity of major body systems provides cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste products such as carbon dioxide.

  3. Chapter 37-1 The Circulatory System

  4. Transportation closed • Functions of the Circulatory System Circulatory System: _______________ system ofa living organism. A. Larger organisms need a ____________ ___________, because most of their cells are not in __________________ with the _______________. B. __________ organisms can avoid this, because they rely on diffusion across the cell membrane to get nutrients,____________, and get rid of ____________. system contact environment Smaller oxygen waste products

  5. organisms closed Blood vessels C. Humans and other _____________ have __________ circulatory systems. 1. _________ is contained in ________. 2. The part of the circulatory system are: a. __________________ b. __________________ c. __________________ heart vessels blood

  6. muscle pericardium II. The Heart A. The heart is made up of ______________. 1. It is enclosed by the _____________ which protects it. 2. The walls of the heart are made of a thick layer muscle called the ____________, which is surrounded by layers of epithelial and ____________ tissue. myocardium connective

  7. 72 70 mL septum left right B. The heart contracts about ____ times per minute. 1. Each contractions pumps _______ of blood. C. The _______ divides the _______ and _______ sides of the ________. 1. This prevents the mixing of the side that carries blood with ________ and the side without. heart oxygen

  8. atrium receive blood D. Chambers of the Heart 1. The Upper Chamber is the __________. a. Atria ________ the _________. 2. The Lower Chamber is called the ___________. a. __________ pump blood ______. 3. The human heart has ___ atria and ___ ventricles. ventricle Ventricles out 2 2

  9. Chambers of the heart

  10. 2 right lungs E. Circulation Through the Body 1. The heart functions as ___ separate pumps. a. The _______ side pumps blood to the ______. 1) This is __________________________. b. The _______ side pumps blood to the ______. 1) This is __________________________. pulmonary circulation left body systemic circulation

  11. right left atria F. Circulation through the Heart 1. Blood enters the heart through the ______ and _______ atria. a. As the _______ contract, blood is pushed into the ventricles. 1) Flaps of connective tissue called ________ keep blood from flowing _______ into the _______ where it came from. 2) Blood flowing from the _______ holds the ___________ and ___________ valves open. valves back chamber atria tricuspid mitral

  12. ventricles lungs aorta ventricles b. As the __________ contract, blood is forced into either the ________ or the ________. 1) When the _____________ contract, the valves close, which prevents blood from flowing back into the _______ while pushing the ____________ and ___________ valves open. atria aortic pulmonary

  13. Valves of the Heart

  14. Aorta Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body Superior Vena Cava Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium Figure 37-3 The Structures of the Heart Pulmonary Veins Bring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium Pulmonary Arteries Bring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs Left Atrium Pulmonary Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery Aortic Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta Right Atrium Mitral Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle Tricuspid Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle Left Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava Vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium Right Ventricle Septum

  15. Superiorvena cava 7 Capillaries of Head and arms Pulmonaryartery Pulmonaryartery Capillariesof right lung Capillariesof left lung Aorta 9 6 2 3 3 4 11 Pulmonaryvein Pulmonaryvein 5 LEFT ATRIUM 1 RIGHT ATRIUM LEFT VENTRICLE RIGHT VENTRICLE 10 Aorta Inferiorvena cava Capillaries ofabdominal organsand legs 8 Figure 23.4B

  16. 2 atria ventricles G. Heartbeat 1. There are ____ networks of muscle fibers in heart: 1 in the _______, 1 in the __________. 2. Each __________ begins with the _________ _______. a) The SA node is located in the _______ ________. b) These cells are called the ____________ contraction sinoatrial node right atrium “pacemaker”

  17. atrioventricular node SA node atria 3. The electrical impulse moves from the ___________ to the fibers of the ________. 4. A new group of fibers called the __________________ _______ caries the impulse to the fibers of the ventricles. 5. The atria _________ together and the ventricles also contract at the ___________. contract same time

  18. The Heartbeat • Heart contraction spreads like a wave over the heart. Triggered by small bundle of cells embedded in the right atrium. • Heartbeat begins with contraction of right and left atria almost simultaneously. Then spreads to have contraction of right and left ventricles occurs almost simultaneously.

  19. The Sinoatrial Node Section 37-1 Contraction of Atria Contraction of Ventricles Sinoatrial (SA) node Conducting fibers Atrioventricular (AV) node

  20. left oxygen left ventricle III. Blood Vessels A. Blood leaving the ______ side of the heart is filled with ___________. 1. When it leaves the _________________, the blood passes into a large vessel called the ___________. aorta

  21. 3 Arteries Capillaries Veins B. There are ____ types of blood vessels. 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ C. Arteries 1. __________ vessels that carry the blood from the ________ to the _________. a. Arteries have _______ walls to withstand the __________ from the heart contraction. Large heart body thick pressure

  22. Capillaries small 1 nutrients D. Capillaries 1. ____________ are the __________ blood vessels. a. The are only ___ cell thick. b. The thin walls allow for the __________ to pass to the tissues. E. Veins 1. ________ carry blood from the capillaries back to the _______. a. The veins must work ________________. 1) Many large veins contain _________. 2) __________ forces surrounding muscle tissue to ________ around the veins, pushing the blood up. Veins heart against gravity valves Exercise contract

  23. Capillaries

  24. How Veins Move Blood

  25. Figure 37-5 The Three Types of Blood Vessels Section 37-1 Capillary Artery Vein Endothelium Arteriole Venule Connective tissue Connective tissue Smooth muscle Smooth muscle Endothelium Endothelium Valve

  26. Highest pressure is found in the arteries The pressure drops down to “zero” when blood reaches the veins Systolicpressure Diastolicpressure Relative sizes andnumbersof blood vessels Figure 23.9A

  27. contracts arterial walls relaxes reduces IV. Blood Pressure A. When the heart _________, it creates pressure in the _________________. B. When the heart ________, the pressure ________ but does not disappear. C. Blood pressure is taken with a device called a ____________________ and a stethoscope. 1. The first measurement (________) is taken when the pressure from the ventricles is felt on the arterial walls (first sound). 2. The second measurement (___________) is the force when the ventricles relax (smooth sound). sphygmomanometer systolic diastolic

  28. 120/80 high a. Normal blood pressure is _______. D. Blood pressure can be regulated in 2 ways. 1. When B.P. is too _______ the nervous system releases a ______________ which _______ the vessel walls. 2. When B.P. is too low, neurotransmitters are released that make the vessels ___________. 3. The __________ will also remove __________ from the blood which _________ the B.P. neurotransmitter relaxes contract kidneys water lowers

  29. V. Diseases of the Circulatory System • Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death in the U.S. A. The 2 major causes of cardiovascular disease are: 1. _____________________ a. High B.P. makes the heart work _____________. b. ________________ can increase the chance of ________________________. 2. _____________________ High Blood Pressure harder High B.P. heart attack and stroke Atherosclerosis

  30. coronary a. Atherosclerosis is dangerous to the ___________ arteries. b. If the artery becomes ________ by __________, oxygen and nutrients can’t get to the heart which can cause a heart attack. c. _______________ from atherosclerosis can break free and get stuck in a vessel leading to the brain. This is a ________. blocked plaque Blood clots stroke

  31. A Normal Artery vs. Atherosclerosis

  32. prevent cure B. Circulatory System Health 1. Cardiovascular disease is easier to _________ than to ________. a. Ways to improve cardiovascular health 1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________ a. NO ____________ Exercise Balanced diet Avoiding smoking Low fat diet saturated fats

  33. Today’s Goal’s and Objectives • Discuss key adjustments/changes to class • Discuss the remaining schedule • Review the Heart & Key Structures (IQ #1) • Watch Video #1: “The Beast Within” • Discuss Homework

  34. Key Changes to Note About the Class Participation grade (25 pts.) will be given at the end of the semester and is based on your participation w/Ms. Herington and from today on. Note that these items that can affect your grade: -Tardies (1 min. grace period)/sign clipboard -Hall Passes (2 w/out loss of pts.)/sign clipboard -Being prepared (Text book everyday, paper, pencil) -Food items in class not allowed (except water) -Cell phones (off and out of sight) *****I’ll be checking every day when I take roll***** Also: You will be able to make up points lost during the last few weeks of school.

  35. Key Changes to Note About the Class Grades/Assessements: -Weekly Quizzes will be given every Friday -Test will be given approx. every other week. ***Next Test: between May 16-18 on Ch. 37 *Final Unit: Digestive & Urinary systems (Ch. 38) *Mini project: Week long Nutrition Plan *Final Exam: Cumulative Test Covering all chapters of the 2nd Semester.

  36. IQ #1 Pulmonaryartery 10. vessel Aorta 9. vessel Pulmonaryartery 1. vessel Superiorvena cava LEFTATRIUM 2. chamber RIGHTATRIUM Pulmonaryveins 8. vessels lmonaryveins 3. valve Semilunarvalve 7. valve Semilunarvalve Atrioventricularvalve Atrioventricularvalve 6. valve 4. vessel Inferiorvena cava 5. chamber RIGHTVENTRICLE Figure 23.4A

  37. Homework (Mon. 5/7) • Read/Review Pgs. 942-950 • Do Section Assignt. Quest. 37.1 (Quest. #1-5)

  38. IQ #2 cont’d: • Place these structures in the correct order of sequence as blood moves through the heart beginning with the inferior/superior vena cava: • Aortic semilunar valve -Pulmonary vein • Left ventricle -Left Atrium • Right atrium -Aortic Semilunar valve • Tricuspid AV valve -Vena Cava (inf & sup) • Pulmonary Semilunar valve -Lungs • Mitral valve (bicuspid AV) -Right ventricle • Pulmonary artery

  39. Superiorvena cava 7 Capillaries of Head and arms Pulmonaryartery Pulmonaryartery Capillariesof right lung Capillariesof left lung Aorta 9 6 3 2 3 4 11 Pulmonaryvein Pulmonaryvein 5 LEFT ATRIUM 1 RIGHT ATRIUM LEFT VENTRICLE RIGHT VENTRICLE 10 Aorta Inferiorvena cava Capillaries ofabdominal organsand legs 8 Figure 23.4B

  40. What is a heart attack? • A heart attack is damage that occurs when a coronary feeding the heart is blocked Aorta Rightcoronaryartery Leftcoronaryartery Blockage Dead muscle tissue Figure 23.8A

  41. Video #1: The Beast Within“Heart Attack” Myocardial Infarction (MI) • Write 15 Key Statements (numbered) as you watch the video and Three questions you have. Key terms to listen for: -Plaque -Pacemaker (SA node) -Coronary vessels -VF (Ventricular Fib.) -TPA -Adrenalin

  42. Highest pressure is found in the arteries The pressure drops down to “zero” when blood reaches the veins Systolicpressure Diastolicpressure Relative sizes andnumbersof blood vessels Figure 23.9A

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