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CSCE 515 : Computer Network Programming

CSCE 515 : Computer Network Programming. Chin-Tser Huang huangct@cse.sc.edu University of South Carolina. Internet Protocol (IP). Workhorse of TCP/IP protocol suite Upper layer data (TCP, UDP, ICMP, IGMP, etc.) are transmitted as IP datagrams

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CSCE 515 : Computer Network Programming

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  1. CSCE 515:Computer Network Programming Chin-Tser Huang huangct@cse.sc.edu University of South Carolina

  2. Internet Protocol (IP) • Workhorse of TCP/IP protocol suite • Upper layer data (TCP, UDP, ICMP, IGMP, etc.) are transmitted as IP datagrams • Provide unreliable and connectionless datagram delivery service

  3. IP Header

  4. IP Demultiplexing TCP UDP ICMP IGMP IP

  5. IP Options • A variable-length list of optional information for the datagram • Always end on 32-bit boundary • Options defined in IPv4 include • Security and handling restrictions • Record route • Timestamp • Loose source routing • Strict source routing

  6. IP Routing • Done on a hop-by-hop basis • If destination is directly connected or on a shared network, send IP datagram directly to destination • Otherwise send datagram to a default router

  7. Routing Table • Each entry contains following information • Destination IP address • IP address of next-hop router • Flags • Specification of network interface

  8. Subnet Addressing • To make better use of class A and class B addresses, divide host ID into subnet ID and host ID 14 16 Class B 1 0 netid hostid 14 8 8 1 0 netid subnetid hostid

  9. Subnet Mask • 32-bit value containing “1” bits for network ID and subnet ID, and “0” bits for host ID 14 8 8 1 0 netid subnetid hostid 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 =0xffffff00 =255.255.255.0

  10. ifconfig Command • Available at /usr/sbin • Configure or query a network interface used by TCP/IP • Support address families other than IP address • -a option to display report of all interfaces

  11. netstat Command • Available at /usr/bin • Display network status • -a option to display state of all sockets, all routing table entries, or all interfaces • -i option to display interface information • -n option to print IP addresses instead of host names • -r option to display routing table • -M option to display multicast routing table

  12. Problems with Current IP • 32-bit IP addresses are inadequate for Internet growth • Limited support for extensions and options • Lack of security features

  13. Future of IP: IPv6 • Designed to be successor of IPv4 • Specified in RFC 1883 • Five major changes from IPv4 • Expanded Addressing Capabilities • Header Format Simplification • Improved Support for Extensions and Options • Flow Labeling Capability • Authentication and Privacy Capabilities

  14. IPv6 Header 0 31

  15. IPv6 Extension Headers

  16. Next Class • ICMP • Ping and traceroute • Routing principles • Read TI Ch. 6, 7, 8, 9

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