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Energy Efficiency in Housing and Small Buildings

Energy Efficiency in Housing and Small Buildings. Progress Report February 18 th 2011. Outline . The Project Policy Advice Current Construction Practice – Baseline Proposed Requirements Scope and Application of Requirements Small Buildings Building Envelope HVAC

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Energy Efficiency in Housing and Small Buildings

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  1. Energy Efficiency in Housing and Small Buildings Progress Report February 18th 2011

  2. Outline • The Project • Policy Advice • Current Construction Practice – Baseline • Proposed Requirements • Scope and Application of Requirements • Small Buildings • Building Envelope • HVAC • Service Water Heating • Performance Path • Working Target Validation

  3. Code Committees • CCBFC • Standing Committee on Housing and Small Buildings • Standing Committee on Energy Efficiency in Buildings • Joint Task Group in Housing and Small Buildings • Performance Compliance • Small Buildings • Building Envelope (Housing) • HVAC & Service Water Heating (Housing) • Code Coordination

  4. Partnership between CCBFC and NRCan • NRCan and CCBFC collaborate at all levels • NRCan staff is presented on all sTG and JTG and CCBFC • CCC staff is represented on ERS, R2000 and EnergyStar committees • CCC and NRCan Staff have regular meetings on Energy Efficiency projects • Relationship between Code and ERS • The ERS (and HOT2000) are important tools for code compliance • sTGs develop language to permit HOT2000 for code compliance • Reference specific tools or ratings might be administrative requirements

  5. Project Schedule • October-December 2010 Develop Requirements • January (3rd week) 2011 JTG Meeting (final prescriptive req’s) • January-March 2011 sTGs finalize PCFs andvalidate prescriptive requirements • April 2011 Meeting of the JTG-EEHSB • May 2011 Meeting of SCs (HSB & EEB) • June 2011 Approved PCFs go to pre-public review (EC) • Sep and Oct 2011 Public Review • Nov and Dec 2011 sTGs review all comments on PCFs • January 2012 JTG-EEHSB reviews comments and possible revisions from sTG. • February 2012 SC review of final PCFs • April 2012 CCBFC approves Changes • Summer 2012 Editing & Translation. • Fall 2012Publication

  6. Outline • The Project • Policy Advice • Current Construction Practice – Baseline • Proposed Requirements • Scope and Application of Requirements • Small Buildings • Building Envelope • HVAC • Service Water Heating • Performance Path • Working Target Validation

  7. CCBFC/PTPACC Scope • Joint CCBFC/PTPACC Task Group • Locate requirements in Part 9 (not in MNECH) • Provide prescriptive and performance path • Address at a minimum: Building Envelope and HVAC • Avoid barriers to use of alternative energy sources (“renewables”) • Ensure energy efficiency for housing is forward looking • Provide prescriptive options for small buildings • Develop flexible framework for provinces • Use Current Construction as baseline (study) • Publish interim changes by 2012

  8. CCBFC Policy Advice • CCBFC • Draft Policy Advice discussed – June 2010 • Policy Advice approved by ballot – August 2010 • energy performance levels (working target of ERS 80) • objective-based analysis (objective-based provisions) • compliance path (prescriptive/performance) • energy sources (address energy used by the bldg) (no diff. req’s based on fuel source) • assembly constructions (no exceptions for assemblies) • costs and benefits (cost of constr. & energy saved) • fenestration to wall ratio (set max F/W ratio) • heat recovery (consider heat recovery ventilation) • occupancies (residential & non-residential)

  9. Assembly Construction • CCBFC policy • All assemblies / types of construction are treated equal • MNECH • Had exemption for log homes and manufactured housing • Required to use simple trade-off path • JTG Proposed Approach • Log homes • Use simple trade off or performance path • Energy Performance of log homes needs to be verified • Factory-constructed buildings?

  10. Renewable Energy • CCBFC policy • “use NECB approach” • NECB approach &JTG Recommendation for EEHSB • Provide acceptable solutions where applicable • No barriers – no explicit permission or exemption • Renewable energy can be modeled in performance path (AHJ) • Long Term Plan for EEHSB • Develop quantitative energy target • Possibly address primary energy • Provide credits for renewable on-site energy

  11. Outline • The Project • Policy Advice • Current Construction Practice – Baseline • Proposed Requirements • Scope and Application of Requirements • Small Buildings • Building Envelope • HVAC • Service Water Heating • Performance Path • Working Target Validation

  12. Current Construction Practice • Baseline = Current Construction = 2009 • Development of Baseline • Study by Marshall Leslie (presented last TRC meeting) • Also considered CHBA Pulse Survey and Industry Sales figures • Analyzed Data • weighted for population and housing starts • normalized for more realistic split of EE/non-EE program builder • Baseline will be used for cost & benefit analysis • Single baseline across Canada

  13. Current Construction Practice • Distribution of Responses by Location • Unweighted • Weighted

  14. Current Construction Practice • Distribution Of Label/Non-Label Builders By Location • Unweighted • Weighted

  15. Current Construction Practice • Above-Grade Wall Insulation • all builders • weighted by population • by climate zone

  16. Current Construction Practice • Exterior Wall Insulation R20 Nominal • Wall framing 2x6 framing, 16” on center • Attic Insulation R40 Nominal • Basement Walls Inside at full height with R12 • Floor Slabs Not insulated • Window glazing option Low-e, Argon, double glazed • Window Frame Vinyl • Gas furnace efficiency 90% efficiency furnaces • HRVs installed in 60% of new homes

  17. Outline • The Project • Policy Advice • Current Construction Practice – Baseline • Proposed Requirements • Scope and Application of Requirements • Small Buildings • Building Envelope • HVAC • Service Water Heating • Performance Path • Working Target Validation

  18. Proposed Requirements • 9.36.1 Scope and Application • 9.36.2 Small Buildings • 9.36.3 Building Envelope • 9.36.4 HVAC • 9.36.5 Service Water Heating • 9.36.6 Performance Path

  19. Scope and Application • Application of Requirements • Part 9 requirements apply to Housing and Small Buildings • Non-residential buildings • are permitted to “stay in Part 9” where fenestration-to-wall ratio, HVAC systems, lighting and electrical power loads are “housing-like” • above limits - have to comply with NECB • Scope of Requirements • Part 9 = BE, HVAC, SWH • NECB = BE, HVAC, SWH + Lighting, Electrical

  20. Building Envelope • Prescriptive Requirements • Opaque Assemblies • Code: minimum effective RSI • Appendix: Nominal R/RSI-values • Windows Doors & Skylights • max. U-values • min. ER values (not for skylights) • Minimum Airtightness • 10 prescriptive construction details or Testing (ULC S742, assembly) • Modeling assumption = 2.5 AC/H @ 50Pa • 2 Compliance Options • Insulation levels based on mechanical ventilation (no HRV) • Insulation levels based on HRV

  21. Building Envelope • Above-grade Opaque Assemblies • Numbers shown are nominal/imperial (for illustration purposes only) • Code will show RSI Values • Values are currently being modelled

  22. Building Envelope • Windows, Doors and Skylights • Exemptions • Storm doors exempt • 1 front door and attic/crawl space hatches U = 2.6 W/m²K • Garage door U = 1.1 W/m²K

  23. Building Envelope • Fenestration-to-Wall Ratio • Current Practice: • Average ratio is 18% • 90% of housing below 25% • JTG approach • No maximum limit in prescriptive path • Maximum limit for reference house in performance path

  24. HVAC • HVAC • HRVs • Not required for dwelling units • Where installed, min. thermal effectiveness required • Required for ventilation of interior pools • Require dampers, thermostats, insulated ducts (outside), • minimum equipment efficiencies • Gas Furnaces: 92% (AFUE) • Oil Furnaces: 85% (AFUE) • Standards and performance for other technology will be referenced: • heat pumps, • integrated systems

  25. Service Water Heating • Service Water Heating • minimum equipment efficiencies • electric, gas, oil • tankless/storage tank type • solar water heaters included • pool heaters included • storage tanks and re-circulating pipes need to be insulated • heat traps are required on top of water tanks • pipe insulation (outside/unconditioned space)

  26. Performance Path • Prescriptive • Building envelope • HVAC & SWH

  27. Performance Path • Prescriptive • Building envelope • HVAC & SWH • No trade-off across BE and HVAC

  28. Performance Path • Performance Path • reference house built to prescriptive path (+ assumptions) =X

  29. Performance Path • Performance Path • reference house built to prescriptive path (+ assumptions) • proposed houses will be modeled against reference result =X

  30. Performance Path • Performance Path • reference house built to prescriptive path (+ assumptions) • proposed houses will be modeled against reference result • If proposed house uses equal or less energy = OK =X ≤X

  31. Performance Path • Performance Path • HOT2000 thoroughly considered and probably default method, but need to allow for other calculation methods • Performance path has be enforceable • Input assumptions for calculation tools • State what needs to be reported • Possibly check list for enforcement =X ≤X

  32. Working Target ERS 80 • Validation • use NRCan EnergyStar BOP protocol • model 11 house archetypes for each climate, • average houses per climate zone • average climate zones across Canada • average across Canadashould be equivalent to ERS 80 • Committees consider: • constructability • provincial requirements • cost

  33. Working Target ERS 80 • Validation Assumptions • Ventilation • code minimum ventilation rates, • 8 hours daily (whole year) • no HRV • Fuel • by modeling location • representative of Canadian fuel mix • Operating conditions • 2 adults, 2 children, 50% at the time • 21°C in the main space, 19°C in the basement • 225 l/day hot water use at 55°C • 24 kW plug loads

  34. Working Target ERS 80 • 11 House Archetypes • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5/6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10/11

  35. Working Target ERS 80 • 11 House Archetypes

  36. Working Target ERS 80 • 11 House Archetypes – Calculation of Average For illustration purposes only

  37. Working Target ERS 80 • Building features not addressed in the code,which impact energy used by the building • building size, shape and height • orientation o windows, doors and skyights • fuel used • amount of windows, doors and skylights (fenestration) • ventilation duration, hot water usage • Modeling assumptions will reflect • minimum code requirements or • (code-compliant) range of values in typical construction

  38. Working Target ERS 80 • Modelling assumptions will be set to result inperformance averaging ERS 80

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