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Philosophy of Education

Philosophy of Education. Chapter 6. Teacher-Centered Philosophies. Essentialism…the accumulated knowledge of our civilization, the essentials Core curriculum: math, science, history, foreign language, literature

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Philosophy of Education

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  1. Philosophy of Education Chapter 6

  2. Teacher-Centered Philosophies • Essentialism…the accumulated knowledge of our civilization, the essentials • Core curriculum: math, science, history, foreign language, literature • Writing, reading, measuring, and computing at the Elementary level “Essentialism in Action” video

  3. Perennialism • A close cousin to Essentialism • Focus on enduring themes and questions that span the ages • Great Books…works by history’s finest thinkers and writers • The Goal…develop rational thought, serve as a sorting mechanism for the best and the brightest leaders • Universities for the pursuit of truth, not a training ground for future careers

  4. Student-Centered Philosophies • Progressivism…schools organized around the concerns, curiosity, and real world experiences of students • Students form meaningful questions and strategies for answering those questions • Progressivism is the educational application of Pragmatism…to see if the idea has merit, test it, if it works, it has merit • Dewey…social learning has meaning and it endures

  5. John Dewey • Facing an ever changing world, use the scientific method: • Become aware of a problem • Define it • Propose hypotheses to solve it • Examine the consequences of the hypotheses in the light of experience • Test the most likely solution • Video “Progressivism in Action

  6. Social Reconstructionism • Focus studies and energies on alleviating pervasive social inequities • Video “Social Reconstructionism in Action • Paulo Freire • Jane Roland Martin…the three Cs: caring, concern, connection • Transform schoolhouses into schoolhomes

  7. Existentialism • Importance of student perceptions, decisions and actions • Rejects any source of objective authoritative truth other than the individual • “Existence precedes essence.” (Sartre) • Summerhill…A.S. Neill

  8. Psychological Influences on Education • Constructivism…knowledge constructed by each learner through interpreting and reinterpreting a constant flow of information • Built on the work of Piaget and Vygotsky…stages of development and scaffolding…linking prior knowledge to new information

  9. Behaviorism • Free will is an illusion, human beings are entirely shaped by their environment • Alter the environment, you alter the behavior • Behavior modification • Assertive discipline

  10. Classical Western Philosophy • Socrates…exemplar of human virtue…the pursuit of wisdom, Socratic method, Idealism • Plato…founded the Academy, the world’s first university • Parable of the Cave • Aristotle…Realism • The Golden Mean…virtue lies in the middle ground between extremes

  11. Subdivisions of Philosophy • Metaphysics…the origin and structure of reality • Epistemology…the nature and origin of human knowledge, valid from illusory paths to true knowledge • Ethics…what is of value • Aesthetics…what is beauty • Logic…how do we reason

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