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Competency 2: Physical Science

Competency 2: Physical Science. BACK (table salt) or (sodium chloride) (water) (sugar/glucose) (oxygen gas) (carbon dioxide) (nitrogen gas) (methane). Obj. 2a: Chemical Equations. FRONT NaCl H 2 0 C 6 H 12 O 6 O 2 CO 2 N 2 CH 4. Obj. 2a: Conservation of Mass.

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Competency 2: Physical Science

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  1. Competency 2:Physical Science

  2. BACK (table salt) or (sodium chloride) (water) (sugar/glucose) (oxygen gas) (carbon dioxide) (nitrogen gas) (methane) Obj. 2a: Chemical Equations FRONT • NaCl • H20 • C6H12O6 • O2 • CO2 • N2 • CH4

  3. Obj. 2a: Conservation of Mass • Law of conservation of mass: • matter cannot be created nor destroyed, therefore the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products

  4. Obj. 2a: Balancing Equations • What would you have to put before the O2 on the reactant side in order to balance the equation? CH4 + __ O2 CO2 + 2H2O Put answer on back

  5. 2.a. Balancing Equations • Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 • How many hydrogen molecules will be produced if there is 1000 HCl molecules in the reactant side of this balanced equation? • Show the work on the back.

  6. Obj. 2.a. Photosynthesis and Respiration Photosynthesis carbon dioxide + water + sunlight oxygen + glucose 6 CO2 + 6H2O 6O2 + C6H1206 Respiration • oxygen + sugar carbon dioxide + water + energy • 6O2 + C6H1206 6CO2 + 6 H2O

  7. Obj. 2.b. Periodic Table • Properties of Metals and nonmetals • Metals: on the left side of the periodic table in groups • Malleable • Good conductors • Ductile • Nonmetals: on the right side of the periodic table in groups • Insulator • Brittle

  8. 2.b. Types of Bonds • Ionic: between a metal & non-metal • Ex. NaCl Group 1 bonded to group 17 • Covalent: between two non-metals • Ex. CO2 Group 14 bonded to group 16

  9. 2.b. Important Groups Back • nonmetal halogens • transition metals • alkali metals • alkaline earth metals • touch the staircase & divide the metals from non-metals Front • Group 17 • Group 3-12 • Group 1 • Group 2 • Metalloids-Groups 13-17

  10. Draw an outline of the periodic table. Label the metals and nonmetals.

  11. Groups Group 15 • Vertical columns • Have similar properties • Group Number = number of valence electrons 7 N Nitrogen 14.007

  12. Obj. 2.b. Acids More reactive, stronger bond, weaker acid • H+ • Bond with nonmetals • HF weakest acid, HI strongest acid Less reactive, weaker bond, Stronger acid

  13. Obj. 2.b. Bases • OH- (Hydroxide) • Bond with metals • Ex: NaOH, MgOH, NH3 • React with acids to form water and a salt

  14. Obj. 2.b. Periodic Table • Oxidation: when a substance reacts with oxygen • Examples: • Rusting (iron oxide) • Food spoiling • Burning (fast oxidation)

  15. Obj. 2.c. Motion • Speed formula – s=d/t • Constant velocity: no change in motion (balanced force) • ex. 50mi/h for an hour

  16. 2.c. Speed GraphsDraw the graph on the front and label on the back. Constant speed Constant Speed No motion Speeding up

  17. 2.c. Acceleration: change in motion (unbalanced force) ex. Speed up, slow down, change direction speed & velocity are the same • Label each: Acceleration graphs- put on separate card. Slowing down at a constant rate Speeding up at a constant rate Constant (no acceleration)

  18. Obj. 2.f. Newton’s Laws • 1st law (law of inertia): An object at rest will stay at rest. An object in motion will stay in motion. • Ex. Car stops, but your body moves forward • An object in moving in space will continue (comet)

  19. 2.f. 2nd Law of Motion • 2nd law (F=ma) : an object will accelerate in the direction of the net force • Ex. Kick a ball upward and it moves upward • Objects with more mass require more force to move.

  20. 2.f. 3rd Law of Motion • 3rd law (action/reaction): forces always act in equal but opposite pairs • Ex. Swimming, birds flying, rockets

  21. Obj. 2.d. Electrical Energy • AC currents (alternating): • used in power grids • Travel in both directions • Voltage can change with transformers • DC current (direct): only flows in one direction • Used in batteries

  22. Obj. 2.d. Power Grids • Path of electricity through a power grid from high to low voltage • Power plant, substation, transformer, junction box, outlet, microwave • Power can be added to the grid if it is not used by the customer.

  23. Obj. 2.d. Power Grids • Renewable resources: natural resources that can be replenished naturally with the passage of time • Wind • Solar • Hydro • Geothermal • Reduce pollution, but more expensive.

  24. Obj. 2.d. Power Grids • Transformer- Increases or decreases voltage in the power grid

  25. Obj. 2.d. Power Grids • generator- spins a coiled wire inside a magnetic field to produce electric current

  26. Obj. 2e Electromagnetic Spectrum • List the spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest, then label the following information on the spectrum • Infrared: heat/thermal • Radio: communication – lowest energy • Gamma: treat cancer – highest energy • Visible: royGbiv- from (longest to shortest)

  27. Obj. 2.e. Electromagnetic Spectrum • Ultraviolet (UV) • blocked by ozone • damage skin cells, cause skin cancer • can be used to disinfect medical equipment, rid water of bacteria or microorganisms, etc.

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