American Indians

American Indians Antonín Procházka

Origin • Usually it is considered that they came here from Russia • „Out of Europe“ theory • Clovis culture and Folsom Complex are first inhabitants • Around 17 000 years ago came from Beringia • Archeological findings proof this, but genetic analysis suggests, that at least some people came from south-west Europe

References • http://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-native-americans-origins-idUSBREA1B1TS20140212

Environment • Vast land (more than 2 times bigger than Europe, even with east Europe) with no oversee trade. • Snow in the north, deserts in south, mountains in west and rivers in east – diverse environment • Scarce population and small amount of domestic animals – prone to diseases (They didn‘t developed immunity) • No conditions to support big culture – Bigger diversity • Even today 30% of native americans have pre-diabetes and have 2.2 times higher likelihood of catching diabetes.

References - enviroment • http://www.csin-rcid.ca/downloads/maffi_linguistic_cultural_biological_diversity.pdf • Guns Germs and Steel • http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/high-risk-populations/treatment-american-indians.html?referrer=https://www.google.cz/ • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447266/

Pequot War • 1630s – Dutch and English began to arrive to New England • Tension and small attacks and Uncas warning about preemptive strike against the English culminated in a war • July 1636 - September 1638 • British people lost 1000 soldiers, which was third of their garrisoned army / Pequot and allies lost 2000 soldiers, which was 2 thirds of their army • British then tried to destroy their culture by selling them as slaves and sending them to other tribes, so they would assimilate

References • https://web.archive.org/web/20120228194959/http://bc.barnard.columbia.edu/~rmccaugh/earlyAC/pequottl.htm

Siux • Not a homogenous tribe, but name for 3 branches of tribes –Dakota, Lakota and Nakota • Nomadic people who traveled the same pattern as buffalos • 1500s they gained horses from Spanish • Chief had to be also a strong warior • They were in constant war with Pawnee – last battle in August 5, 1873

Great Sioux War of 1876 • USA wanted Siux to cede Black hills, but they refused • Siux formed coalition with Cheyenne • Custer's Last Stand – June 25th 1876 • July 19, 1881 – Sitting Bull surrendered – played in Wild West Show • 1890 –shot out of fear of his influence • Wounded Knee Massacre - 29 December 1890

Tecumseh's Confederacy • Created under anti-american religion, taught by Tenskwatawa, Tecumsehs brother • 1811- peemtive strike by USA, when he had 700 wariors, 50 died, 70 were wounded • Was in Second war of independence • Cherokee nad Iriquois on the side of America • Tecumseh's Confederacy, Shawnee and several other tribes on side of Britain and helped to conquer Detroit • Sever months later he was killed in battle

References • http://www.biography.com/people/tecumseh-9503607#synopsis • http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/tecumseh

Mahican • Current religion is moravian church • Lived near rivers for food and water • They were hunting,farming and fishing sometimes they were creating early maple sirup • Later they hunted oters and beavers • They had troubles with USA government until 1934, when they gained title to 2250 acres of reservation.

References-mahican • http://www.moravian.org/the-moravian-church/history/ • http://www.mohican.com/

Geronimo • Not apache chief, but led a lot of tribesman because of his skill • Lived constantly at danger, from Mexicans, Americans, Navajo tribe, Comanches • Apache tradition was also raiding and G. Led 4 raids in his 17 • After his family was killed he went to war with Mexico and then USA settlers • 1886 surrendered and spent 27 years in prison • 1905 he was celebrity and published his own biography

References • http://www.biography.com/people/geronimo-9309607#final-years

American Indians