The Romans

1. The Romans Alena Prokešová

2. Britain before The Romans • the Celts • many tribes, uncoordinated, no governmental structure • parts of Britain ruled by kings • frequent incursions into other territories

3. Roman Invasion • 55 BC – Julius Caesar first invaded Britain – the Celts cooperated with the Gauls • landed on the coast of Kent, demonstrated his strength and returned to Gaul (France) • 54 BC – came back with more soldiers • neglected Gaul, had to leave Britain • the Romans traded with British tribes, Britain is a very wealthy place

4. Roman Invasion • 43 AD – Emperor Claudius invaded Britain • this time the Romans came to stay • Claudius entered Colchester in triumph • Iceni tribe had friendly relations with the Romans – their chieftains left in power • Roman attack to Iceni kingdom after the death of the king

5. Roman Invasion • queen Boudicca launched an uprising • almost managed to dislodge the Romans • was defeated and killed • 77 AD Agricola became an imperial governor • he succeeded in conquering the Welsh tribes • Roman conquest of Britain was complete except for Caledonia (Scotland) • he dreamt about conquering Ireland, but it remained free of the Romans

6. Roman Invasion • 122 AD – Roman Emperor Hadrian built Hadrian‘s Wall – between Roman Britain and Scotland • 6 years to build it, 117 km long, forts • it was built as a defence from the Scottish Barbarians • 142 AD – the Romans started to build Antonine’s Wall (Hadrian‘s successor Antoninus Pius) further in the north, but later abandoned

7. Roman Invasion • Britannia – England + Wales • the Celts adapted to Roman customs • they lived in villas, spoke Latin • the tribal centres developed into Roman towns

8. Decline in Roman Britain • around 300 AD – the attack of the barbarian hordes to the Roman Empire in central Europe • some troops withdrawn to help • attacks in the Nothern Britain from Scots and Picts • Gaul in the hands of barbarian rulers in the 5th century – no return of Romans to Britain

9. Roman Influence • Roads – straight, important for Roman army • Buildings: • timber and daub – little evidence nowadays • stone, brick and tile • Wealthy citizens: • in the city – domus • in the countryside – villas • Lower class: flats – called insulae

10. Roman Influence • Towns: • the Forum – a market place, businesses and government offices, temples • public baths, still in the city of Bath in Sommerset • running water and sewers, aqueducts • mosaics, pipes with water, central heating under the floors in houses of rich people • the biggest – London, Colchester, St. Albans • latin word for camp – castra, chester in old English – once a Roman town (Doncaster, Dorchester, Cirencester)

11. Roman Influence • Language – many words are based on Latin words, our alphabet is based on Latin alphabet • The Calendar – started by Julius Caesar, names of our months taken from the names of Roman gods and rulers • Law and legal system • The Census – a count of all people • Religion – worshipping of gods – temples

12. The Sources • http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/Romans.html#general • http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/nettsch/time/romans.html • http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/histories.asp?nid=ac71&pid=cly&from=&back

13. Thank you for your attention.