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Understanding Element Symbols and Their Origins in the Periodic Table

Explore the fascinating history behind element names and symbols in the periodic table. Originating from a variety of sources, many elements discovered in the 19th century carry names that reflect their roots—like Polonium, named after Poland, and Uranium, named for the planet Uranus. Chemists developed systematic symbols using letters from the elements' names, with variations in usage. Delve into the classification of elements into metals, non-metals, and metalloids, and discover the reactivity of different chemical families, including alkali metals and noble gases.

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Understanding Element Symbols and Their Origins in the Periodic Table

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Classifying Elements Topic 4

  2. Element Symbols • The names of elements that were discovered in the 19th century came from many different sources. • The first chemist to report a new element had the right to name it. • Polonium was named after Poland, Marie Curie’s country of birth • Uranium was named after the planet Uranus • Einsteinium was name after Albert Einstein • Instead of writing these names out, chemists developed symbols

  3. Element Symbols • Some elements use the first letter of their name • Ex. Hydrogen – • Some elements use the first two letters of their name • Ex. Calcium - • Some elements use two letters from their name • Ex. Magnesium - • Some elements use letters from their Latin name • Ex. Lead – (Plumbum)

  4. Sorting Elements • Metals • Shiny, malleable, ductile. • They conduct electricity • Non-metals • Can be a solid or a gas • Solid non-metals are dull and brittle. • Most non-metals do not conduct electricity • Metalloids • Have both metallic and non-metallic properties.

  5. Chemical Families • Alkali Metals • Group 1 on the periodic table • So reactive that they need special storage • Only have 1 electron in their outer shell • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqeVEFFzz7E • Alkaline Earth Metals • Group 2 on the periodic table • Reactive, but not as reactive as Alkali metals • Halogens • Group 17 on the periodic table • React vigorously with other elements, so they are naturally found in compounds • Noble Gases • Group 18 on the periodic table • Very unreactive – their outer shells are full of electrons • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PSzSTilu_s&feature=related

  6. What to do now…

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