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Environmental Science Unit 2

Environmental Science Unit 2. Sections 3-1 to 3-3, Fall 2010. Bell-Work. Describe several biotic and abiotic factors in your life Describe two ways microbes influence your life. In your own words, describe a species. Bell-Work Conversions. Convert the following:

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Environmental Science Unit 2

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  1. Environmental Science Unit 2 Sections 3-1 to 3-3, Fall 2010

  2. Bell-Work • Describe several biotic and abiotic factors in your life • Describe two ways microbes influence your life. • In your own words, describe a species.

  3. Bell-Work Conversions • Convert the following: • 1.45 x 105 J/sKj/Min • 2.45 x 102 Kcal/m2 -> Kcal/km2 • 37 g/day -> kg/year

  4. Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells • All cells come from other cells • Cells are the building blocks of life • Two different types • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic

  5. Ecology • Comes from the Greek word oikos meaning “house” • The study of how organisms interact with one another and their abiotic (non-living) environment. • We focus on organisms and up.

  6. Biological Species Concept • A species is a related group of organisms whose members can freely interbreed, in nature… Parrot Mushroom Thompson’s Gazelle Proboscis Monkey

  7. Population • A group of organisms of the same species occupying a given area. Variation in a population is called genetic diversity Field of Poppies

  8. Other Populations

  9. Community • A community is defined as a group of interacting species living in the same place.

  10. Ecosystem • All the biotic and abiotic factors in an area working together. • Biotic – Living things • Abiotic – Non-living things

  11. Biosphere – The Earth

  12. Atmosphere • Thin envelope of gases surrounding Earth’s surface. • Troposphere – extends ~17 km up, “weather” producing region of the atmosphere. • 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • 1% CO2, H2O, CH4 (greenhouse gases) • Stratosphere – upper layer containing most of the ozone (O3)

  13. Hydrosphere and Geosphere • Hydrosphere • Liquid water • Ice caps • Permafrost • Water vapor • Geosphere • Core • Mantle • Crust

  14. Biomes – large regions with distinct climates

  15. Aquatic life zones • Freshwater life zones • Lakes and streams • Marine life zones • Coral reefs • Estuaries • Deep ocean

  16. Factors Sustaining Life • One-way flow of high quality energy • Solar energy fuels life processes and is dissipate back to space as heat (low quality energy). • Cycling of matter or nutrients • Fixed supplies of nutrients must be recycled. • Gravity • Helps hold the atmosphere in place and enables cycling

  17. Solar Energy • UV, visible, and IR energy • Radiation • Absorbed by ozone • Absorbed by the earth • Reflected by the earth • Radiated by the atmosphere as heat • Natural greenhouse effect – keeps the earth warm enough to support life.

  18. Abiotic and Biotic Abiotic – non-living Biotic – living or once living

  19. Range of Tolerance • Tolerance in physical and chemical variation in the environment; Figure 3-10.

  20. Limiting Factors • Factors more important than others in regulating population growth (carrying capacity)

  21. Trophic Levels • Omnivores – eat from multiple trophic levels • Decomposers – bacteria & fungi; release nutrients from dead organisms; use secretions • Detritus Feeders – eat dead organisms and waste

  22. Energy Flow

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