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QUICK REVIEW OF ELEMENTS , IONS , and COMPOUNDS

QUICK REVIEW OF ELEMENTS , IONS , and COMPOUNDS. The Chemical Elements. Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol. NAME. SYMBOL. Gold. Au. The Chemical Elements. Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol. NAME. SYMBOL.

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QUICK REVIEW OF ELEMENTS , IONS , and COMPOUNDS

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  1. QUICK REVIEW OF ELEMENTS, IONS, and COMPOUNDS

  2. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol NAME SYMBOL Gold Au

  3. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol NAME SYMBOL Gold Silver Au Ag

  4. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol NAME SYMBOL Gold Silver Copper Au Ag Cu

  5. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol NAME SYMBOL Gold Silver Copper Sulphur Au Ag Cu S

  6. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 2.) The first letter in the symbol is always in upper case, the second (if present) is always in lower case Al

  7. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 2.) The first letter in the symbol is always in upper case, the second (if present) is always in lower case P

  8. COMPOUNDS Ionic compounds Covalent compounds metal nonmetal nonmetal nonmetal metal polyatomic ion

  9. Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS metal nonmetal metal polyatomic ion UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT Al3+ Fe3+ Fe2+

  10. UNIVALENT METALS (cations) If a metal has only one charge

  11. UNIVALENT METALS (cations) Use only the name of a metal

  12. MULTIVALENT METALS (cations) If a metal has more than one charge…

  13. MULTIVALENT METALS (cations) …the charge is indicated by a Roman numeral, in parentheses, immediately following the name The stock namingsystem (Fe2+) = iron (II) (“iron two”) (Fe3+) = iron (III) (“iron three”)

  14. MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)

  15. Alternative Naming of Multivalent Metals The classical namingsystem For example: (Fe2+) = iron (II) ion (“iron two ion”) (Fe3+) = iron (III) ion (“iron three ion”)

  16. Alternative Naming of Multivalent Metals The classical namingsystem For example: (Fe2+) = iron (II) ion = ferrous ion (Fe3+) = iron (III) ion = ferric ion

  17. MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)

  18. Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS metal nonmetal metal polyatomic ion UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT Al3+ Fe3+ Fe2+

  19. NON – METAL IONS (anions) • Omit the original ending of the element’s name and add an “ide” ending • “ide” ending means that the ion has a negativecharge For example: Cl Cl- chlorine chloride

  20. NON – METAL IONS (anions)

  21. Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS metal nonmetal metal polyatomic ion UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT Al3+ Fe3+ Fe2+

  22. Polyatomic Ions • A polyatomic ioncontains more than one atom OH-, CN-, NH4+, NO3-

  23. Polyatomic Ions You have to memorize the names, formulae, and charges of these polyatomic ions + other ones (see the worksheet):

  24. Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS metal nonmetal metal polyatomic ion Putting it all together! UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT Al3+ Fe3+ Fe2+

  25. Naming and Writing Formulae of Ionic Compounds What is an Ionic Compound? • A compound made up of ionsof a metal AND a non-metal or a polyatomic ion • A compound in which a metal and a non-metal/polyatomic iondonate and accept electrons • The net (overall) charge of the ionic compound is 0 • i.e. the compound is NEUTRAL

  26. NAMING of IONIC COMPOUNDS If you have a: metal: potassium (K) AND non-metal: chlorine(Cl) Put it together in this way RECALL: To get a non – metal ion name, change ending – INE to - IDE metal non-metal ion potassium chloride

  27. NAMING of IONIC COMPOUNDS TRY ON YOUR OWN: magnesium (Mg) and fluorine(F) iodine (I) and calcium (Ca) magnesium fluoride iodinecalcide calcium iodide

  28. Rules For Writing Formulae Of Ionic Compounds • Write the formulas + charges for the metal ion (cation) and the nonmetal ion (anion)(or a polyatomic ion) potassium oxide K+ and O2-

  29. 2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0 What is the overall charge right now? potassium oxide K+ and O2- +1 -2 -1 = We need it to be 0!

  30. 2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0 ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM potassium oxide K+ and O2- +1 -2 -1 = We need it to be 0!

  31. 2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0 ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM potassium oxide K+ and K+ and O2- -2 +1 +1 -1 = We need it to be 0!

  32. 2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0 ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM potassium oxide K+ and K+ and O2- -2 +1 +1 0 = We need it to be 0!

  33. 2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0 ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM potassium oxide K+ and K+ and O2- K2O -2 +1 +1 0 = Now, it is ZERO!

  34. Fe2+ PO43- Example 2: iron (II) phosphate iron (III) phosphate PO43- Fe3+ Fe3(PO4)2 FePO4

  35. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds • This is a reverse process of what we just did • You will translate a formula of a compound into a name of a compound! • Simply write a name of the ions one after the another! - Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge

  36. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds • Simply write a name of the ions one after the another! - Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge Example 1: Zn Cl2 zinc chloride

  37. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds • Simply write a name of the ions one after the another! - Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge Example 2: Ca SO4 calcium sulphate

  38. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds 2. If the first ion (metal) is a multivalent one, use the second ion’s charge to determine the first ion’s name

  39. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) How will you find out?

  40. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) Look at the charge on the second ion!

  41. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) You know: 1. The compound is neutral (overall 0 charge), so the charge of the first ion (lead) equals the charge on the second ion (oxide)

  42. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) -2 So, the charge of the two oxides is twice as much: One oxide’s (O2-) charge is: -4 O2 We have two oxides:

  43. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) The charge on the positive ion then MUST be +4 to balance the negative charge of -4

  44. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) The correct ion is then:

  45. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) And the name for this compound is: lead (IV) oxide

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