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The Progressive Reform Era

The Progressive Reform Era. Chapter 11. The Progressive Beliefs. Government should… B e accountable to its citizens. Curb the power and influence of wealthy interests. Be given expanded powers so that it could become more active in improving the lives of its citizens.

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The Progressive Reform Era

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  1. The Progressive Reform Era Chapter 11

  2. The Progressive Beliefs Government should… • Be accountable to its citizens. • Curb the power and influence of wealthy interests. • Be given expanded powers so that it could become more active in improving the lives of its citizens. • Become more efficient and less corrupt.

  3. Reformers • Henry George – single property tax and eliminate poverty • Edward Bellamy – No harsh working conditions, no gaps between social classes and no political corruption Muckrakers – journalists who play a key role in alerting the public to wrong doing in politics and business • Upton Sinclair – The Jungle (exposed meat packing industry) • Ida Tarbell – exposed abuses committed by Standard Oil • Mother Jones – organized unions to fight for better working conditions • Florence Kelly – worked to outlaw child labor

  4. The Need for Reform • As a result of the Labor Movement, UNIONS emerged. They focuses on HOURS, WAGES and CONDITIONS • Young work = cheap labor • Women demanded the right to VOTE • Government needed to change, too • REGULATE TREATMENT OF WORKERS • PREVENT MONOPOLIES • Create Social Welfare Programs – government should help to ensure a basic standard of living (disability, unemployment, health insurance)

  5. Reforms • Political reforms begin in small cities • Monopolies were disbanded • Direct primary – voters select who is going to run • Muller v. Oregon – limited hours women could work • Child labor – no employment for children under 14 • Initiative - voters can put new laws on a ballot • Referendum – voters can vote directly on bill • Recall – voters can remove public officials before the next election

  6. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • Focused on revamping railroads and food/drug industry 4 Major Contributions • 1902 – United Mine Workers strike (Arbitration – a 3rd party decides the outcome which both parties are legally binding) • Hepburn Act – Gave Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the ability to limit rates if shippers complained about unfair treatment • Pure Food and Drug Act – must label ingredients, conditions must be sanitary and established a rating system for meats • Anti-Trust – holding companies: companies which hold a great deal of stock over small corporations = Control/Monopoly

  7. Results of Progressive Era • (TR) Many monopolies are broken up • (TR) Preservation of 200 million acres for national forests, mineral reserves and water projects • 16th Amendment: Congress can collect federal income tax • 17th Amendment: direct election of Senators • 18th Amendment: Prohibition • 19th Amendment: women's suffrage

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