Henri Matisse : Red Room, 1908

1. The Fauves Henri Matisse: Red Room, 1908

2. Focus: paint itself and the use of deep colour, simplified lines • no concrete theories or plans • Matisse leader of the movement • short-lived movement(1905 - 1908) • art to delight, art as a decoration • Huge influence on rest of century

3. The Impressionists had begun the experimentation with colour, though their purpose was to reflect the way that light affected colour and how it was perceived by the human eye

4. Paintings by Van Gogh were influential on the Fauvist sense of colour…

5. …as were the paintings of Gauguin

6. Henri Matisse (December 31 ,1869 -November 3 ,1954 ) Matisse: Self-Portrait, 1906 Woman With Hat, 1905

7. leading French artist of the 20th century, along with Picasso • bright and expressive colour • began in 1905 when he moved to the Riviera • characterized by flat shapes and controlled lines • expression dominant over detail • finest works were created between 1906 and 1917 but he continued to work in a Fauvist style until his death

8. Purple Robe & Anemones, 1937 Matisse Red Madras Scarf, 1907 Dance II, 1910

9. Andre Derain London, Parliament, 1906 Charing Cross Bridge, 1906

11. Later, the Group of 7 looked back to the Impressionists and the Fauves Group of Seven

12. Cubism Pablo Picasso: Les Demoiselles D’Avignon, 1907

13. Proto-Cubist painting • Clear influence of African art • Shocking painting for the time: subject, style • essence of Cubism: instead of viewing subjects from a single angle, the artist breaks them up into a multiplicity of facets, so that several different aspects/faces of the subject can be seen simultaneously.

14. Cezanne African art

15. Phase 1: Analytical Cubism Picasso, Young Woman, 1909

16. Analytical Cubism(autumn 1909 - winter 1911/1912) • Georges Braque (French) and Pablo Picasso (Spanish) • densely-patterned near-monochrome surfaces • incomplete directional lines • modeled, 3-dimensional forms • Sometimes called facet cubism • artists analyzing subjects, looking at the basic building blocks

17. Picasso: Analytical Cubism Braque: Fruit Dish, 1909 Friendship, 1909 Fruit Bowl, 1909 Three Women, 1910

18. Picasso: Hermetic Cubism Portraits of a) Kahnweiler, 1911 b) Ambrose Vollard, 1910

19. Hermetic phase: • very monochromatic and hard to decipher • near abstraction • visual clues left by the artists • analysis taken to extreme degree - not just form, but line • Very strict, limiting artistic form

20. Picasso: The Guitar Player, 1910 Bottle of Pernod, 1912

21. Phase 2: Synthetic Cubism

22. Birth of the collage in art • Brighter colours • Often pasted things onto canvas: paper items • Synthesis: putting things together • Began in 1912-13: both artists carried on in a variation of this style for several decades

23. Picasso: SyntheticCubism Guitar, 1913 Still Life With Chair Caning, 1912 Guitar on a Table, 1915

24. Braque Pedestal Table, 1912 Braque, Woman With Guitar, 1913 Still Life”Gillette”, 1914

25. Georges Braque: Synthetic Cubism Still Life, 1929 Still Life with Mandolin, 1934

26. Picasso: Synthetic Cubism Three Dancers, 1925 Three Musicians, 1921

27. Moved from actual collage to virtual collage • Flat, paper-like shapes • Colours bright but limited • Energetic, optimistic in mood • Decorative patterns and shapes

28. Picasso: cubist sequence, Bulls, 1945

29. Futurism Cubism had a major impact on artists of the first decades of the 20th century and it gave rise to development of new trends in art: futurism and expressionism. Giacomo Balla, Swifts: Paths of Movement & Dynamic Sequences,1913 Giacomo Balla, Street Light, 1909

30. Futurism: • An Italian artistic movement (1909 - 25); Russians later • Focus on wonders of science and technology - loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions • Love of speed, technology and violence • Movement, dynamics, energy • Pictorial depiction of light, movement and speed • Triumph of man over nature, glorification of warfare • Political ties to Fascist movement led to Futurism falling out of favour during WWI - continued into the 1920s

31. Luigi Russolo,Dynamism of an Automobile, 1913 Umberto Boccioni, Dynamism of a Soccer Player, 1913

32. Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

33. Gino Severini,Suburban Train Arriving in Paris, 1915 Armored Train in Action, 1915

34. Pure Painting: Abstraction Wassily KandinskyRussian: 1866 -1944 Couple Riding, 1906

35. One of the most important 20th-century artists • credited with painting the first abstract works in the history of modern art • fascinated and unusually stimulated by color even as a child • synaesthesia? allowed him to quite literally hear as well as see color

36. Colourful Life, 1907 His study of Russian folk art, in particular the use of bright colors on a dark background, was reflected in his early work.

37. Autumn in Bavaria, 1908

38. These paintings illustrate Kandinsky's move towards art in which the color itself is presented independently of form. Blue Mountain, 1908 Church in Murnau, 1910 Improvisation 19, 1911

39. White Stroke, 1920 Red Spot II, 1921

40. purely abstract work: the fruit of a long development and maturation of intense theoretical thought based on his personal experience of painting. • “inner necessity”: devotion to inner beauty, fervor of the spirit and deep spirituality - a central aspect of his art

41. Composition IV, 1911 Composition VIII, 1923 • he even named some of his paintings "improvisations" and "compositions" as if they were works of music Composition V, 1911

42. Colour: something autonomous and apart from a visual description of an object or other form Throughline, 1923

43. The influence of music on the birth of abstract art was very important: • it is abstract by nature and doesn’t try to represent vainly the exterior world • expresses in an immediate way the inner feelings of the human soul Contrasting Sounds, 1924

44. Expressionism George Grosz Republican Automatons, 1920 Love Sick, 1916

45. Expressionism: the tendency of an artist to distort reality for emotional effect. • Largely a German movement (1905 - 25) • The opposite of Impressionism • rejects immediate perception • strong undercurrent of social and political criticism • Many artists forced to leave country by Nazis: their art was labeled “degenerate” and banned "The artist expresses only what he has within himself, not what he sees with his eyes." Alexej von Jawlensky (1864-1941), Russian painter

46. Kirchner, Street in Berlin, 1913 "Anybody who paints and sees a sky green and pastures blue ought to be sterilized." Adolph Hitler (1889-1945), German dictator and perpetrator of genocide, who painted as a very young man.

47. Dix, The Journalist Sylvia von Harden, 1926

48. Die Neue Sachlichkeit - the “new matter-of-factness” in German art post WWI… Otto Dix, A Memory of the Glass House in Brussels, 1920

49. It is important to realize that although the Fauves and the Expressionist both used bright colours, they used them for distinct purposes - the Fauves hoped to achieve beauty, the Expressionists hoped to achieve emotion through them. Grosz, Suicide, 1916

50. Grosz, The City, 1917