1. Communication and Management Theory Understanding the Connections

2. Why Study Management Theories or Paradigms? • They form the basis of how managers manage • Mgmt. theories are theories of human behavior • Mgmt. theories are enacted by and through communication • Mgmt. theories are sometimes difficult to decipher

3. Classical Management Theories • Frederick Taylor--Scientific Management • Henri Fayol--General Management Theory • Max Weber--Bureaucratic Theory

4. Four Principles of Taylorism or Scientific Managment • There is one best way to perform a task (use science and time/motion studies) • Select your personnel scientifically • Compensation is based on work output • Strict division of labor--”Managers plan the work, workers work the plan”

5. Fayol’s Management Theory • Fayol’s background and training • Key Concepts • Division of work • Unity of command • Subordination of individual interests • Esprit de corps • Centralization

6. Weber’s Work on Bureaucracy • Remember what Weber is reacting to… • Clear system of authority • Complete, written rules and regulations • Organizational relationships stay impersonal • Selection and promotion based solely on technical competence • Contemporary civil service systems

7. Communication and Classical Management Theories • Driven by managerial authority • Believes people are rational,economic actors • Emphasizes the machine metaphor, workers are merely cogs • Communication is top-down, authority is tied to position

8. Human Relations Movement • Led by Roethlisberger and Mayo of Harvard University • Hawthorne Studies--Western Electric Co. • The IlluminationStudies • The Relay Assembly Room Studies • The Interview Program • The Findings

9. Implications of the Hawthorne Studies • Wake up call for social scientists • Beginnings of people oriented mgmt. • Participation=increased morale= increased productivity=increased managerial control • Managers must forge a relationship with employees facilitating upward and downward communication

10. Theory X Dislike work Need to be coerced Prefer direction Desires security above all else Theory Y Work is natural Coercion is wrong Self-Actualization is the key People will seek responsibility Human Resources Movement MacGregor’s TheoryX/Theory Y

11. Communication and Human Relations • Messages travel up, down, and across an organization • Decision making is spread throughout an organization • Build an atmosphere of trust and confidence in employees • Decreased levels of managerial control

12. Systems Theory and Organizational Theory • Ludwig von Bertalanfy--biologist • The organization as organism • Systems integration is key insight • Communication networks are privileged • Informal communication is acknowledged

13. Theory Z and Contingency Theory • William Ouchi--Theory Z • Corporate culture emphasizing: • interpersonal relationships • long term employment • collective decision making and collaboration • respect for employees, concern for their well-being