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Understanding Levels of 8086/80286 Assembly System Registers

Explore the hierarchy of registers in the 8086/80286 architecture, from hardware to OS functions, including key components like FPU and PIC. Learn about memory types and processor support levels.

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Understanding Levels of 8086/80286 Assembly System Registers

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Sequence of ECE3724

  2. Registers of the 8086/80286 by Category

  3. Block Diagram for a Simple Computer

  4. Assembly Level Access Levels OS Function Level 2 ASM Program BIOS Function Level 1 Hardware Level 0

  5. Support Processors on a IA-32 System • Floating Point Unit (FPU)– handles floating point and extended integer calculations. • 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) – handles external interrupts from hardware sources. • 8254 Programmable Interval Timer/Counter – interrupts the system 18.2 times per second, updates the system clock and date, and controls the speaker. Also responsible for refreshing RAM. • 8255 Programmable Parallel Port – transfers data to and from the computer using the IEEE parallel port interface. • 8284/82C284 Clock Generator – oscillates at a constant speed to synchronize the CPU and rest of the computer. • 8237 Direct Memory Access controller – transfers data between external devices and RAM, without requiring any work from the CPU. • 8042 keyboard and mouse controller

  6. Memory • ROM • EPROM • Dynamic RAM – must be refreshed • Static RAM – does not have to be constantly refreshed. • Video RAM – dual ported • CMOS RAM – stores system setup information. Battery refreshed.

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