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Chapter 26 – The Urinary System

Chapter 26 – The Urinary System. Components & Functions of the Urinary System. The Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra. Blood Supply of the Kidneys. Urine Flow Through the Kidney. Micturition Reflex / Aging Effects. $100. $100. $100. $ 100. $100. $200. $200. $200. $200. $200.

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Chapter 26 – The Urinary System

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  1. Chapter 26 – The Urinary System Components & Functions of the Urinary System The Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra Blood Supply of the Kidneys Urine Flow Through the Kidney Micturition Reflex / Aging Effects $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

  2. Topic 1:$100 Question • Which of the following functions to conduct semen to the exterior in males? • a. ureter • b. collecting duct • c. urethra • d. papillary duct ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  3. Topic 1:$100 Answer • Which of the following functions to conduct semen to the exterior in males? • a. ureter • b. collecting duct • c. urethra • d. papillary duct BACK TO GAME

  4. Topic 1:$200 Question • Which of the following structures faces the renal cortex? • a. base of each pyramid • b. renal papillae • c. tip of each pyramid • d. renal pelvis ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  5. Topic 1:$200 Answer • Which of the following structures faces the renal cortex? • a. base of each pyramid • b. renal papillae • c. tip of each pyramid • d. renal pelvis BACK TO GAME

  6. Topic 1:$300 Question • Each kidney has roughly ____ nephrons, with a combined length of about ____. • a. 1.25 million, 85 miles • b. 0.75 million, 170 miles • c. 1.25 million, 170 miles • d. 0.75 million, 85 miles ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  7. Topic 1:$300 Answer • Each kidney has roughly ____ nephrons, with a combined length of about ____. • a. 1.25 million, 85 miles • b. 0.75 million, 170 miles • c. 1.25 million, 170 miles • d. 0.75 million, 85 miles BACK TO GAME

  8. Topic 1:$400 Question • Which of the following do not pass through the hilum and branch within the renal sinus? • a. renal blood vessels and nerves • b. lymphatic vessels • c. urethra • d. ureter ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  9. Topic 1:$400 Answer • Which of the following do not pass through the hilum and branch within the renal sinus? • a. renal blood vessels and nerves • b. lymphatic vessels • c. urethra • d. ureter BACK TO GAME

  10. Topic 1:$500 Question • On gross dissection, which of the following can be visualized? • a. The anterior surface of the left kidney is covered by the liver, hepatic flexure of the colon, and duodenum. • b. The anterior surface of the left kidney is covered by the spleen, stomach, pancreas, jejunum, and splenic flexure of the colon. • c. The medial surface of each kidney is capped by a suprarenal gland. • d. The kidneys lie between the muscles of the dorsal body wall and the visceral peritoneum in a retroperitoneal position. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

  11. Topic 1:$500 Answer • On gross dissection, which of the following can be visualized? • a. The anterior surface of the left kidney is covered by the liver, hepatic flexure of the colon, and duodenum. • b. The anterior surface of the left kidney is covered by the spleen, stomach, pancreas, jejunum, and splenic flexure of the colon. • c. The medial surface of each kidney is capped by a suprarenal gland. • d. The kidneys lie between the muscles of the dorsal body wall and the visceral peritoneum in a retroperitoneal position. BACK TO GAME

  12. Topic 2:$100 Question • Which of the following vessels parallel the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney and give rise to a number of interlobular arteries? • a. afferent arterioles • b. cortical radiate arteries • c. arcuate arteries • d. interlobar arteries ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  13. Topic 2:$100 Answer • Which of the following vessels parallel the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney and give rise to a number of interlobular arteries? • a. afferent arterioles • b. cortical radiate arteries • c. arcuate arteries • d. interlobar arteries BACK TO GAME

  14. Topic 2:$200 Question • Which of the following vessels branch from each cortical radiate artery to supply individual nephrons? • a. efferent arterioles • b. segmental arteries • c. interlobular arteries • d. afferent arterioles ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  15. Topic 2:$200 Answer • Which of the following vessels branch from each cortical radiate artery to supply individual nephrons? • a. efferent arterioles • b. segmental arteries • c. interlobular arteries • d. afferent arterioles BACK TO GAME

  16. Topic 2:$300 Question • From the glomerulus, the efferent arteriole enters which vessel(s)? • a. peritubular capillaries • b. interlobular veins • c. venules • d. renal vein ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  17. Topic 2:$300 Answer • From the glomerulus, the efferent arteriole enters which vessel(s)? • a. peritubular capillaries • b. interlobular veins • c. venules • d. renal vein BACK TO GAME

  18. Topic 2:$400 Question • Which process occurs across the walls of the glomerular capillaries? • a. reabsorption • b. secretion • c. excretion • d. filtration ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  19. Topic 2:$400 Answer • Which process occurs across the walls of the glomerular capillaries? • a. reabsorption • b. secretion • c. excretion • d. filtration BACK TO GAME

  20. Topic 2:$500 Question • Which of the following indicates the correct flow of renal circulation? • a. renal artery → cortical radiate arteries → arcuate arteries → interlobar arteries • b. arcuate arteries → cortical radiate arteries → afferent arterioles → glomerulus • c. efferent arteriole → peritubular capillaries → interlobular veins → venules → interlobar veins • d. (a) and (b) ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  21. Topic 2:$500 Answer • Which of the following indicates the correct flow of renal circulation? • a. renal artery → cortical radiate arteries → arcuate arteries → interlobar arteries • b. arcuate arteries → cortical radiate arteries → afferent arterioles → glomerulus • c. efferent arteriole → peritubular capillaries → interlobular veins → venules → interlobar veins • d. (a) and (b) BACK TO GAME

  22. Topic 3:$100 Question • Which of the following nephron segments functions in the secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins? • a. papillary duct • b. connecting tubules and collecting duct • c. distal convoluted tubule • d. proximal convoluted tubule ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  23. Topic 3:$100 Answer • Which of the following nephron segments functions in the secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins? • a. papillary duct • b. connecting tubules and collecting duct • c. distal convoluted tubule • d. proximal convoluted tubule BACK TO GAME

  24. Topic 3:$200 Question • Mesangial cells are/do not: • a. engulf organic materials that might otherwise clog the dense layer. • b. situated between the endothelial cells of adjacent capillaries, which are encircled by the clear layer of the basal lamina. • c. regulate the diameters of the glomerular capillaries. • d. provide physical support for the glomerular capillaries. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  25. Topic 3:$200 Answer • Mesangial cells are/do not: • a. engulf organic materials that might otherwise clog the dense layer. • b. situated between the endothelial cells of adjacent capillaries, which are encircled by the clear layer of the basal lamina. • c. regulate the diameters of the glomerular capillaries. • d. provide physical support for the glomerular capillaries. BACK TO GAME

  26. Topic 3:$300 Question • The glomerular capillaries are ____ capillaries with pores ranging from ____. • a. discontinuous, 60-100 μm • b. fenestrated, 60-100 μm • c. fenestrated, 60-100 nm • d. discontinuous, 200-500 nm ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  27. Topic 3:$300 Answer • The glomerular capillaries are ____ capillaries with pores ranging from ____. • a. discontinuous, 60-100 μm • b. fenestrated, 60-100 μm • c. fenestrated, 60-100 nm • d. discontinuous, 200-500 nm BACK TO GAME

  28. Topic 3:$400 Question • The distal segments of the nephron are not responsible for which of the following functions? • a. secretion of more than 80% of the water in the filtrate • b. secretion of all of the useful organic substrates from the filtrate • c. secretion into the filtrate of waste products that were missed by filtration • d. (a) and (b) BACK TO GAME ANSWER

  29. Topic 3:$400 Answer • The distal segments of the nephron are not responsible for which of the following functions? • a. secretion of more than 80% of the water in the filtrate • b. secretion of all of the useful organic substrates from the filtrate • c. secretion into the filtrate of waste products that were missed by filtration • d. (a) and (b) BACK TO GAME

  30. Topic 3:$500 Question • Which of the following nephron components lies almost directly opposite the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle, at its tubular pole? • a. papillary duct • b. proximal convoluted tubule • c. collecting duct • d. distal convoluted tubule ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  31. Topic 3:$500 Answer • Which of the following nephron components lies almost directly opposite the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle, at its tubular pole? • a. papillary duct • b. proximal convoluted tubule • c. collecting duct • d. distal convoluted tubule BACK TO GAME

  32. Topic 4:$100 Question • The region surrounding the urethral opening, known as the ____ of the urinary bladder contains a muscular ____. • a. neck, internal urethral sphincter • b. trigone, internal urethral sphincter • c. neck, external urethral sphincter • d. trigone, external urethral sphincter BACK TO GAME ANSWER

  33. Topic 4:$100 Answer • The region surrounding the urethral opening, known as the ____ of the urinary bladder contains a muscular ____. • a. neck, internal urethral sphincter • b. trigone, internal urethral sphincter • c. neck, external urethral sphincter • d. trigone, external urethral sphincter BACK TO GAME

  34. Topic 4:$200 Question • Which of the following urethral portions includes the short segment that penetrates the urogenital diaphragm? • a. prostatic urethra • b. membranous urethra • c. internal urethra • d. spongy urethra ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  35. Topic 4:$200 Answer • Which of the following urethral portions includes the short segment that penetrates the urogenital diaphragm? • a. prostatic urethra • b. membranous urethra • c. internal urethra • d. spongy urethra BACK TO GAME

  36. Topic 4:$300 Question • Contraction of which muscle compresses the urinary bladder and expels its contents into the urethra? • a. external urethral sphincter • b. muscularis mucosae • c. internal urethral sphincter • d. detrusor ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  37. Topic 4:$300 Answer • Contraction of which muscle compresses the urinary bladder and expels its contents into the urethra? • a. external urethral sphincter • b. muscularis mucosae • c. internal urethral sphincter • d. detrusor BACK TO GAME

  38. Topic 4:$400 Question • Which of the following portions of the male urethra extends from the distal border of the urogenital diaphragm to the external urethral orifice? • a. penile urethra • b. prostatic urethra • c. spongy urethra • d. membranous urethra ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  39. Topic 4:$400 Answer • Which of the following portions of the male urethra extends from the distal border of the urogenital diaphragm to the external urethral orifice? • a. penile urethra • b. prostatic urethra • c. spongy urethra • d. membranous urethra BACK TO GAME

  40. Topic 4:$500 Question • Histologically, which of the following statements concerning the urethra is/are true? • a. The lamina propria is thick and elastic. • b. The epithelium changes from stratified squamous to pseudostratified columnar as one passes from the bladder neck to the external urethral orifice. • c. The mucous membrane is smooth and without folds. • d. (a) and (b) ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  41. Topic 4:$500 Answer • Histologically, which of the following statements concerning the urethra is/are true? • a. The lamina propria is thick and elastic. • b. The epithelium changes from stratified squamous to pseudostratified columnar as one passes from the bladder neck to the external urethral orifice. • c. The mucous membrane is smooth and without folds. • d. (a) and (b) BACK TO GAME

  42. Topic 5:$100 Question • The urge to urinate first develops when the urinary bladder contains approximately how much urine? • a. 100 ml • b. 200 ml • c. 400 ml • d. 500 ml ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  43. Topic 5:$100 Answer • The urge to urinate first develops when the urinary bladder contains approximately how much urine? • a. 100 ml • b. 200 ml • c. 400 ml • d. 500 ml BACK TO GAME

  44. Topic 5:$200 Question • Which of the following is not an age-related change, which occurs in the urinary system? • a. increased sensitivity to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) • b. problems with the micturition reflex • c. decline in the number of functional neurons • d. reduction in glomerular filtration BACK TO GAME ANSWER

  45. Topic 5:$200 Answer • Which of the following is not an age-related change, which occurs in the urinary system? • a. increased sensitivity to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) • b. problems with the micturition reflex • c. decline in the number of functional neurons • d. reduction in glomerular filtration BACK TO GAME

  46. Topic 5:$300 Question • In the absence of ____ relaxation of the ____ urethral sphincter, reflexive relaxation of both sphincters will eventually occur as the bladder nears capacity. • a. voluntary, external • b. involuntary, internal • c. involuntary, external • d. voluntary, internal ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  47. Topic 5:$300 Answer • In the absence of ____ relaxation of the ____ urethral sphincter, reflexive relaxation of both sphincters will eventually occur as the bladder nears capacity. • a. voluntary, external • b. involuntary, internal • c. involuntary, external • d. voluntary, internal BACK TO GAME

  48. Topic 5:$400 Question • Reduction in renal blood flow results in which of the following age-related changes in the urinary system? • a. problems with the micturition reflex • b. reduction in glomerular filtration • c. a decline in the number of functional nephrons • d. a reduced sensitivity to ADH BACK TO GAME ANSWER

  49. Topic 5:$400 Answer • Reduction in renal blood flow results in which of the following age-related changes in the urinary system? • a. problems with the micturition reflex • b. reduction in glomerular filtration • c. a decline in the number of functional nephrons • d. a reduced sensitivity to ADH BACK TO GAME

  50. Topic 5:$500 Question • The ability to control micturition is often lost after a stroke, Alzheimer’s disease or other CNS problems affecting which structures? • a. cortex or hippocampus • b. hippocampus or medulla • c. cortex or hypothalamus • d. pons or hypothalamus ANSWER BACK TO GAME

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