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Urinary System

Urinary System . Mrs. Atchison HS I. 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system Essential Question. What are the structures of the urinary system?. Urinary System. Functions of Urinary System: Excretion- removing nitrogenous wastes, certain salts and excess water from blood.

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Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System Mrs. Atchison HS I

  2. 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary systemEssential Question What are the structures of the urinary system? 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system

  3. Urinary System Functions of Urinary System: • Excretion- removing nitrogenous wastes, certain salts and excess water from blood. • Maintain acid-base balance • Secrete waste products in the form of urine – remove waste from body • Eliminate urine from bladder

  4. What if kidneys are not working properly? • Toxic wastes would accumulate in the cells, poisoning them

  5. Structures of the urinary system • Kidneys • Ureters • Bladder • Urethra • Urinary meatus 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system

  6. Structures of the urinary system Kidneys • Bean-shaped organs • Located between peritoneum and the back muscles (RETROPERITONEAL) • Renal Pelvis- funnel shaped structure at the beginning of the ureter 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system

  7. Medulla • Inner, striated layer • Striated cones (divisions) are renal pyramids

  8. Cortex • Composed of millions of microscopic functional units called nephrons

  9. Nephrons • Functional unit of the kidney • Over 1 million in each kidney which comprise 140 miles of filters and tubes • Parts include: • Bowman’s capsule • Glomerulus • Proximal convoluted tubule • Loop of Henle • Distal convoluted tubule • Collecting tubule

  10. Question • The Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, and loop of Henle are all parts of a:  • A. bladder.  • B. nephron.  • C. pelvis.  • D. ureter.

  11. Answer • NEPHRON

  12. Question • The functional unit of the kidney is the:  • A. aldosterone.  • B. bladder.  • C. nephron.  • D. renin.

  13. Answer • NEPHRON

  14. Structures of the urinary system Kidneys • External structures • Renal capsule • Renal hilum • Internal structures • Renal cortex • Renal medulla • Renal pelvis 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system

  15. Structures of the urinary system External kidney • Renal fascia • Fibrous layer of connective tissue • Renal hilum • Indentation that gives the kidney its bean-shaped appearance 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system

  16. Structures of the urinary system Renal cortex • Composed of millions of microscopic functional units called nephrons 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system

  17. Structures of the urinary system Renal cortex • Composed of millions of microscopic functional units called nephrons 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system

  18. Structures of the urinary system Ureters • Muscular tube extending from each kidney to the urinary bladder • Lined by a mucous membrane • 10-12” long Ureters 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system

  19. Question • If kidney stones get too large, they can cause severe flank pain and hydronephrosis because they block the:  • A. bladder.  • B. nephron.  • C. ureter.  • D. urethra. 

  20. Answer • Ureter

  21. Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance What effect does this cycle have on your blood pressure? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

  22. Understand the functions of the urinary systemThe flow of electrolytes Review urine formation, electrolyte exchange, and some factors that effect urine volume. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

  23. review Understand the functions of the urinary system • If more water is reabsorbed back into the body---what will happen to urine concentration? • (more or less concentrated?) 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

  24. Urinalysis 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

  25. Ureters • One from each kidney • Carry urine from kidney to bladder • Smooth muscle tube with mucous membrane lining • Peristalsis pushes urine down ureters • The tubes that connect the kidneys and bladder.

  26. Question • Urine leaves the kidney by way of the: • A. glomerulus.  • B. nephron.  • C. ureter.  • D. urethra.

  27. Answer • URETER

  28. Structures of the urinary system Urinary bladder • Hollow muscular organ • Located in pelvic cavity • Made of elastic fibers and involuntary muscles 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system

  29. Question • Which structure is a hollow muscular sac? • A. Bladder  • B. Kidney  • C. Ureter  • D. Urethra 

  30. Answer • Bladder

  31. Structures of the urinary system Female Urethra • Connects the bladder to the outside of the body • Female 1-2” long • Male 4-6” long Urinary meatus • Opening to the outside of the body Male 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system

  32. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Essential Questions • What are the functions of the urinary system? • What are some disorders of the urinary system? • How are disorders of the urinary system treated? • How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the urinary system? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

  33. Understand the functions of the urinary system Functions: • Excretion • Formation of urine • Fluid and electrolyte balance • Elimination of urine 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

  34. Understand the functions of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

  35. Filtration • First step in urine formation • Blood from renal artery enters glomerulus • High blood pressure in glomerulus forces fluid (Filtrate) to filter into Bowman’s capsule (function of glomerulus is to filter substances from the blood) 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

  36. Filtration-Con’t • Filtrate does not contain plasma proteins or RBCs- they are too big • Bowman’s capsule filters out 125cc of fluid/min. – 7500cc/hour • As filtrate continues through nephron, 90% of water is reabsorbed

  37. Question • Jessica is experiencing hematuria. Which process of urine formation has been ineffective?  • A. Filtration  • B. Reabsorption • C. Secretion  • D. Excretion

  38. Answer • Filtration

  39. Question • The patient in chronic renal failure is treated with hemodialysis. What renal function does hemodialysis replace? • A. Filtration  • B. Hormone control  • C. Nervous control  • D. Peristalsis

  40. Answer • Filtration

  41. Reabsorption • Water and useful substances are reabsorbed • If blood levels of certain substances are high (glucose, amino acids, vitamins, sodium) then those substances will not be reabsorbed • Useful substances filter out of the renal tubules and back into the capillaries around the tubules = reabsorption 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

  42. Question • Mr. Gavin has had polyuria for several weeks. When he went to the doctor, his urinalysis was normal. Further studies revealed that Mr. Gavin had a disorder that affected the release of ADH. Which function of the urinary system was affected? • A. Elimination  • B. Filtration  • C. Reabsorption • D. Secretion

  43. Answer • Reabsorption

  44. Question • Dehydration has a direct effect on urine formation. The proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for correcting the water imbalance found with dehydration. What is this process called? • A. Diffusion  • B. Filtration  • C. Reabsorption • D. Secretion

  45. Answer • reabsorption

  46. Opposite of reabsorption Secretion transports substances from blood into collecting tubules Substances include creatinine, hydrogen ions, potassium ions, and some drugs Electrolytes are selectively secreted to maintain body’s acid-base balance Secretion 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

  47. Question • Excessive substances in urinary filtrate, such as sodium and potassium, lead to their elimination. Which process of elimination is this urinary system function? • A. Diffusion  • B. Filtration  • C. Reabsorption • D. Secretion

  48. Answer • Secretion

  49. Urinary Output • Average= 1500 ml/day • Urinalysis- examination of urine to determine presence of blood cells, bacteria, acidity level, specific gravity and physical characteristics (color, clarity and odor) • Normal in urinalysis = Ammonia • not normal = glucose, blood, pus

  50. What color is your pee?

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