Warm Up 8-04-14

1. Warm Up 8-04-14 • How did the Salem witch episode reflect the tensions and changes in seventeenth-century New England life and thought? • Finish your Frayer Vocab and turn it into the basket in the front of the room.

2. Warm Up 8-05-14 • The focus of much of New England’s politics, religion, and education was the institution of the _______ • English settlers greatly altered the character of the New England environment by __________ • English company that lost its monopoly on the slave trade in 1698. ________

3. Chapter 4 American Life in the 17th Century 1607-1692

4. Unhealthy Chesapeake • Chesapeake area full of harsh living conditions. • Half of people born would not make 20 of those half would make it to 40. • Men out numbered woman 6-1 in 1650. • Families were few and fragile.

5. Tobacco Economy • Tobacco main cash crop in the Chesapeake region. Shipped 1.5 million pounds a year in the 1630’s. • Large production equals lower prices. • Response to lower prices was to get more land and grow more tobacco. • More tobacco means need for more labor. • Families too small, Indians die too easy, slaves too expensive, rely on indentured servants.

6. Recruiting Indentured servants • Owners would pay their passage to the new world and earn Freedom dues. • Freedom dues- includes barrels or corn, a set of clothes, and a small parcel of land. • Head-right system: Who ever paid the passage of a laborer would receive 50 acres of land. Opportunity for the elite to gain more land. People that came to dominate the region. • Region brought 100,000 servants over by 1700.

7. Bacon’s Rebellion • Prime land became scarce leaving indentured servants with little to accumulate. • Even after freed of servitude little opportunity was left for them. • Single young men frustrated with situations of finding land and marriage. • 29 year old planter Nathaniel Bacon led 1000 Virginians in a revolt. • Upset at William Berkley for not providing protection against Indian raids.

8. Bacon’s Rebellion continued… • Bacon attacks Native Americans friendly and hostile. • Chased Berkley out of Jamestown. • Torched the Capital. • Bacon died of disease which suddenly ended the rebellion. Berkley is able to crush the remaining rebels. • Scene looks bad in England. Charles II is unhappy at how Berkley handles it. • Bacon ignited resentments of landless servants.

9. Slavery • Bacon’s rebellion has landowners looking for another source of laborers less troublesome. • Some 10 million Africans were brought to the new world. Only about 400,000 of them to N. America. • 1680’s wages in England increase and fear of mutinous servants increase. • Royal African Charter loses its charter in 1672 which leads to rush in slave trade among others. Rhode Island

11. Slavery continued… • Most slaves came from W. Africa. • Captured by African costal tribes, traded to markets on the coast, put onto ships, 20% death rates, brought to auction blocks. • Early slave codes made blacks and their children property.

12. Africans in America • Slavery in deep south rice and indigo plantations isolated and very dangerous. • Tobacco growing Chesapeake region generally easier. Why? • By 1720, family life becomes possible. More woman. Few places where slavery produced natural reproduction. • Evolved unique characteristics in language (Gullah), dances, and music.

13. Southern Society Gaps in social structure widened with slavery. Hierarchy of wealth and status. Planters (political power)-small farmers (modest plots)-landless whites (old indentured servants)-servants still doing time-slaves

14. New England Family • Better Quality of Life. Cleaner water, less disease. Add to life expectancy (70). • Established Families. Natural reproduction, Early marriages, large families, danger of dying in childbirth. • Family stability-children nurturing environment. Grandparents.

15. Warm Up 8-06-14 • What factors contributed to the growing numbers and wealth of the America colonists in the eighteenth century? Chp 5 • What were the causes and consequences of the Great Awakening? How was religious revival linked to the development of a sense of American uniqueness and identity? Chp 5

17. New England towns • Tight nit society of small villages and farms. • Puritans unity for a purpose (Church). • New towns legally chartered, proprietors moved themselves and families to designated spots and create a meetinghouse, surrounded by houses, a village green. • More than 50 families required a school. • Harvard college created in 1636 (oldest college in U.S.)

18. Half-Way Covenant • Growing population=less direct influence of Church. Why? • Time-2nd generation not as zealous though beliefs still exist. • Jeremaid- form of sermon scolding people for lack of piety. • Decline in “conversions” • 1662 ministers announce new membership “Half-Way Covenant” • Existing members children could be baptized but not full communion.

19. Continued… • Partial membership • No longer exclusive • Weakened distinction between elect and others • As time goes on Puritans allow all comers into the Church. • Strict religious purity was sacrificed for more religious participation. • Woman became majority of puritan congregations

20. Salem Witch Trials • Younger woman claim certain older woman bewitched them. • Witch hunt- 1692, legal lynching of 20 and two dogs. • Witch hunts often directed at property owning woman. • Possible social and religious issues part of the key. • Ended when governor’s wife is accused

21. New England Way of Life • Rocky soil leads to back breaking work. Climate of extremes Summer/Winter. • Believed dominion over land. Indians wasting the land. • Introduction of livestock…clearing the forests. • Fish became important part of industry. • National inherited traits. New England conscience, high idealism in national character and inspire reforms.

22. Early Settlers • Majority are farmers. • Woman cooked, clean, care for children. • Life was comfortable, most better off than European counterparts. Land of plenty.