1 / 30

China

China. A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away…. Geographic Barriers. Most isolated of ERVCs Chinese called their country the Middle Kingdom (the center of the earth). Protected on all sides: North  Gobi Desert South  deserts & jungles East  ocean Southwest  Himalaya Mountains.

cadee
Télécharger la présentation

China

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. China A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away…

  2. Geographic Barriers Most isolated of ERVCs Chinese called their country the Middle Kingdom (the center of the earth). Protected on all sides: North Gobi Desert South deserts & jungles East ocean Southwest Himalaya Mountains

  3. RIVERS! • Huang He (Yellow River): called the River of Sorrows because it flooded and destroyed crops. It was called “yellow” because of the yellow topsoil (loess). • Yangzi: farther south than the Huang He. The fertile valley between the two rivers remains the most populated part of the world.

  4. Characteristics & Achievements • Pagoda: multi- storied Buddhist temple with eaves that curve up. This Chinese style of temple was copied by the Japanese. • Li Bo: most famous Tang poet wrote about harmony

  5. Characteristics & Achievements • Chinese Characters- over 10,000 characters used (not an ALPHABET). Each character represents an idea or word. Calligraphy developed into an art form. • Silk- by 1000 BC Chinese discovered how to make silk from cocoons of silkworms. Silk became a valuable export.

  6. Dynasties Shang 1766 BC to 1026 BC (740 years) Second Chinese dynasty Only the rulers could “talk” with the gods

  7. Zhou (JOH) Dynasty • 1027 BC to 256 BC (770 years) • Cruelty of last Shang Emperor prompted change… • Feudalism • Growth & Prosperity: • Commerce/use of coins • Silk making / silk road

  8. Mandate of Heaven/Dynastic Cycle • Idea used by the Zhou Rulers to JUSTIFY the change in dynasties. • It links the success of emperors to the will of the gods. • If there are problems it means that the gods want the dynasty to change.

  9. Chinese Philosophies & Religion Confucianism-Daoism-Legalism

  10. Confucius (550 BC) • Philosophy to ensure SOCIAL ORDER & GOOD GOVERNMENT • 5 RELATIONSHIPS resulting in harmony • #1 duty Respect of parents (filial piety) • Ruler should inspire by good example • Confucianism spread throughout China/Korea/Japan

  11. Legalism • Hanfeizi / 233 BC • Nature of man is evil and only strict laws and harsh penalties will assure order. • Ruler ALONE possesses power • Official policy of the Qin Dynasty- unofficially followed by absolute rulers throughout history.

  12. Daoism • Laozi / 550 BC • To achieve harmony in NATURE avoid conflicts with “unnatural” ways of society. • Governments are “unnatural” and the cause of problems. • “Accepted” by hermits, artists & poets- never by rulers.

  13. Zheng becomes QIN Shi Huangdi 1st emperor of “China”

  14. Qin Dynasty (the cycle continues…) • After 221 BC Zheng of Qin unified small warring states • Zheng changed name to Qin Shi Huangdi (1st Emperor of CHINA) • Absolute Ruler believed in LEGALISM (strict laws/harsh penalties • Crackdown on dissent- BURNED Confucian scholars & books • Effects of Qin: China united – 2250 years • Qin used as a model of HOW NOT TO RULE

  15. Qin Dynasty Achievements Built Great Wall Tomb with terra cotta soldiers Standardized - weights - money - language - writing - built roads & canals

  16. Han Dynasty: 206 BC-220 AD • Restored order, justice, and Confucianism • Emperor Wudi: • Expanded empire beyond the wall • Territories: • Manchuria, Korea, & Vietnam • Expanded Silk Road to Middle East (cultural diffusion) • Instigated Civil Service Exams for government jobs (still in effect today).

  17. Golden Age of the Han(A Golden Age is when a civilization makes significant cultural achievements- including ARTISTIC & LITERARY achievements) • Significant cultural achievements during the Han Dynasty: • Acupuncture • Paper • Ship rudder • Fishing reels • Wheel barrows Fall of the Han: by 220 AD the empire grew weak & was replaced by many smaller kingdoms. China was DIVIDED for nearly 400 YEARS(220 AD to 618 AD).

  18. Horrible Histories: Challenging China!(Click to open)

  19. Two Golden Ages in China: Tang & Song Dynasties

  20. Tang Dynasty • Around 618 AD Li Shimin took control of China under the name TANG TAIZONG. • Reunited China and expanded into Central Asia. • Weakened the power of local lords through land reform, which distributed land to peasants. • The Grand Canal connected the Huang He (yellow river) and the Yangzi rivers. • The Tang dynasty lasted until 907 (300 years).

  21. Song Dynasty (960-1279) • Controlled less territory than the Tang Dynasty. • Considered part of the Golden Age of China. • Switch from wheat (north) to rice (south) farming. • Trade flourished.

  22. Chinese Society • The "gentry" (wealthy landowning class) studied to pass the civil service exams (Confucian classics). • Ideal ruler was a wise, virtuous scholar who knew how to ensure peace and harmony. • Peasants lived in small communities. • Merchants were considered LOW on social scale because their wealth came from the work of others. • Practice of footbinding reinforced idea that women should stay at home. (Many could not walk without help).

  23. MONGOLS 1260-1368

  24. Genghis Khan (Temujin) • Mongol chieftain that created the world’s LARGEST (size & pop.) empire, stretching from the Pacific to Eastern Europe. • Hordes of skilled horsemen overwhelmed Chinese. • Used cannons & missiles. • Genghis Khan did not live to see the completion of empire expansion. His heirs conquered China.

  25. Kublai Khan • Grandson of Genghis Khan. • Conquered China and set up the Yuan dynasty. • Established the capital Cambulac (now Beijing). • Visited by Marco Polo for 17 years. • Trade & writings of Marco Polo brought European attention to China.

  26. The Golden Horde • The Mongols (Golden Horde) ruled Russia for 240 years • Model of absolute power for later Russian rulers • Cut off Russia from rest of Europe • PaxMongolica- Period of peace during the 1200s & 1300s • Mongols were ousted from China in 1368

  27. Mongol Empire at it Greatest Size 1294 AD Largest Empire EVER to Exist

  28. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) • In 1368 Zhu Yuanzhang led a rebellion to end Mongol rule. • Return to CHINESE way of life: • Confucianism • Civil Service System • Agricultural Advancements (MORE FOOD) • Repaired roads & canals • Expanded trade

  29. Voyages of Zheng He (Chinese Columbus- 1405) Chinese explorer that made 7 expeditions to southeast Asia / India and all the way to the Red Sea to promote trade. After his death China banned ocean travel to cut China off from the west. Columbus tried to re-kindle trade with China.

  30. Chinese Products

More Related