Directions:

1. Directions: • Turn in the English Civil War and Revolution multiple-choice sheet and Cromwell Film sheet • Review: • Why did the English Civil War come about? • Who was Oliver Cromwell? • How did England change as a result of the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution?

2. The American Revolution Mr. Mizell “It takes a revolution to make a solution” – Bob Marley

3. EQ: Why were the American colonists unhappy with British rule?

4. Background • 13 Colonies are part of British Empire (150 yrs) • Colonists see themselves as part of their colony rather than England • England views them as very valuable

8. 1. Taxes • England taxed the colonies but the colonies had no say on the matter (no representative in Parliament) • Taxed stamps, tea, imports

9. 2. Trade Restrictions • England controlled trade to and from the colonies • Only sell valuable goods to England • Taxed goods going to and from other countries

10. 3. Restriction of Rights • Colonists were forced to provide quarter (housing) for British troops • Could not vote or influence England’s Parliament • However, had to follow Parliament’s laws • England overturned some of the laws in the colonies

11. Three Categories of Colonists • Each group represents 1/3 of the American Colonists • 1. Patriot – you support independence and are against British rule and their laws • 2. Loyalist – you support the British, you see the colonists as British, and you favor remaining with them • 3. Neutral – you are either too busy to pick a side, you are waiting to see what happens next, or you don’t care

12. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pwvvv0EcWIE

13. Directions • Work silently on the “Patriot, Loyalist, or Neutral” sheet • Raise your hand if you have questions

14. EQ: What actions did the colonists take to oppose the British and eventually gain their independence?

15. Boston Massacre (1770) • Colonists protest British soldiers being in the city of Boston • Huge crowd gathers and starts throwing things at a small group of British soldiers • Mass confusion • British open fire • 5 colonists are killed

16. “Boston Massacre”

17. Boston Tea Party (1773) • To protest the British tax on tea, colonists dressed up as Native Americans and threw British tea in the harbor • 90,000 lbs of tea

19. Economic Boycott (1774) • A boycott is where you refuse to purchase goods • The Colonists boycott British goods like sugar

20. Creation of the Continental Congress (1774) • The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates (representatives) from the 13 colonies • Eventually it would become the government of the U.S. • Sends a petition to King George III with their list of grievances • Parliament and the King ignore it

21. Declaration of Independence (1776) • Continental Congress votes to break away from England and form own country • Declaration on July 4, 1776 • Goal: form a democratic govt based on the ideas of the Enlightenment (freedom, rights, liberty) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrvpZxMfKaU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIpACJRnZZE

22. Declaration of Independence (text) • “When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. • We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.  • And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

23. EQ: How did the American colonies win the war against the British?

24. American Colonies at War Advantages Disadvantages • Fighting on own ground – defensive • British have to fight far from home • George Washington – steady leadership • Get support from France • Troops and supplies • Fighting the most powerful empire in the world • No real military – must create one • No navy • States do not always work together

25. Creation of Continental Army • George Washington of Virginia is given command of American forces • He loses more battles than he wins but keeps the army together which was his winning strategy

26. Crossing the Delaware River

27. Military Strategy • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQYkIlSx0yg • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wpC8w0_k34 • America will use a regular army but also rely on • Militia – use guerilla warfare (hit and run tactics) • Minute Men – ready at a minutes notice, most were farmers and townspeople who had rifles • Why? - Cannot beat British in normal warfare • France will use its navy against the British

28. Overall Outcome • War from 1775-1783, US is victorious • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6ikO6LMxF4 • Independence and creation of the United States as a Republic • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgCQDZdlMdc • Creation of the U.S. Constitution (1788)

29. EQ: How do the Founding Documents of America reflect Enlightenment ideas?

30. Directions • Use the text from the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, and the Amendments to the Constitution to answer the questions.