Digestive System

1. Digestive System By: Andrew, Stephanie, Alex, Luke, Ashley, and John

2. MECHANICAL DIGESTION • Mashing crushing and breaking down of food. • Three parts of nutrients • Carbohydrates – A biochemical composed of one or more simple sugars banded together that is used to provide and store energy. • Proteins – A biochemical that is composed of amino acids. It’s functions include regulating chemical reactions transporting and storing materials and providing support. • Fats – Energy-storing nutrients that help the body store some vitamins.

3. Chemical digestion • It begins in the mouth. • Food particles are broken down into nutrients • Uses chemicals called digestive enzymes. • The enzymes and water are responsible for breaking down the food. • After breaking down the food, smaller particles go to the cells.

4. What is the purpose of the digestive enzymes in chemical digestion? • Digestive enzymes control the reaction speed. • Meaning, when they are present, the digestion speed accelerates. But if they are not there, the speed decreases. • These are the eight enzymes that are responsible for the digestion process: Nuclease, Protease, Collagenase, Lipase, Amylase, Elastase, Trypsin, and Chymotrypsin.

5. The Mouth • The first part of the digestive system is the mouth • Inside there are teeth which include; canine, Incisors, premolars, and molars • Teeth are very important to the Mechanical Digestion • The outermost layer of the tooth is the enamel which protect nerves and soft material inside the tooth. • Blood Vessels and nerves are inside and underneath the tooth • When you chew your food it gets mixed with saliva • Saliva is made with salivary glands that contain enzymes in which begin the chemical digestion • When that process is done the mouth drops the food off into the esophagus

6. The Mouth

7. The Esophagus • The esophagus is a long straight narrow tube that connects the throat and the stomach • After the food has been chewed by the mouth the tongue pushes it into the esophagus • The esophagus squeezes the food with rhythmic muscle contractions that are known as peristalsis • Peristalsis forces the food into the stomach

8. The Esophagus

9. The Stomach • The stomach is a muscular baglike organ of the digestive tract that is attached to the lower end of the esophagus • It breaks down the food by squeezing its content with muscular contractions • The stomach grinds and mixes food for hours before it releases the mixture in the small intestines • During the process enzymes and acids are produced by the stomach for the digestion in the stomach • Stomach acids usually kill most of the bacteria you might have swallowed • After a few hours your food turns into a soupy mixture called chyme • After the food is made into chyme it is slowly released into the small intestine through a small ring of muscle that works like a valve

10. The St mach

11. The Liver • Produces cholesterol and bile • Bile is a greenish liquid that helps with fat • digestion • Stores and distributes nutrients • Filters blood • Can regenerate itself

12. The Pancreas • Makes juice that neutralizes chyme • Protects the small intestine from damage • Makes hormones • Regulates blood sugar • Makes insulin

13. What is the importance of the gallbladder for the digestive system? • The gallbladder stores the bile, which is used for the digestion of food, from the liver. It can only hold two ounces. • The gallbladder helps in the effectiveness of the digestion of food. However, it can be removed if gallbladder stones cannot exit. But if it is removed, the digestive effectiveness is lowered.

14. What is the Gallbladder? • Small green organ located next to liver and right of rib cage. • Used for the storage of bile from the liver to the small intestine. • Unlike the liver, it cannot regenerate itself if cut. • One of the organs you can live without.

15. SMALL INTESTINES • Small intestines • Villi • Three parts of the small intestines

16. The Large Intestine • The Large Intestine - Is the organ of the digestive system that compacts, stores, and eliminates indigestible material from the body. • What the large intestine does? It can carry your waste through the body with three parts the ascending colon, transverse colon, and the descending colon. • And on the receiving end of the descending colon is the rectum. • What does the rectum do? Well the rectum is a part of the digestive system that carries out the waste to the anus.

17. Rectum • The rectum is part of the digestive system just under the descending colon of the large intestine. • The rectum is the part of the system where it carries out the waste from the receiving particles of the colon (large intestine). Rectum is important to the body for two reasons. One is it is a transporter for waste between the descending colon and the anus. • Two it is important so it can have a place to travel for the connections between large intestine and anus.

18. Anus • The anus is the very last part of the whole digestive system. • It helps the waste get released from the body and soon after a meal the whole process will start over again. • This process must not be able to last very long. Cause with the body it needs its nutrients. So what the system can also do is absorb the nutrients from the body and feed it to your system.

19. Digestive Tract • The digestive tract is a series of tube like organs that are joined end to end. • The digestive process starts in your mouth. The food travels down your esophagus and drops down to your stomach. It then goes through the small intestine and goes into the large intestine. Lastly, it exits your body through your anus.

20. Digestive System • The digestive system is a group of organs that work together to digest food so that it can be used in your body. • Made up of mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.